An Introduction to Trends In Extreme Weather and Climate Events:
Observations, Socio-economic Impacts, Terrestrial Ecological Impacts, and Model
Projections
Gerald A. Meehl, Roger Pielke, Jr., Linda O. Mearns, Richard T. Sylves
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Thomas Karl, David R. Easterling, Pavel Ya. Groisman
National Climatic Data Center, U.S.A.
Stanley Changnon
Illinois State Water Survey, U.S.A.
David Changnon
Northern Illinois University, U.S.A.
Jenni Evans
Pennsylvania State University, U.S.A.
Thomas R. Knutson
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Lab., U.S.A.
Camille Parmesan
Univ. of Texas and U.C. Santa Barbara, U.S.A.
Roger Pulwarty
University of Colorado, U.S.A.
Terry Root
University of Michigan, U.S.A.
Roger B. Street
Atmospheric Environment Service, Canada
Richard T. Sylves
University of Deleware, U.S.A.
Peter Whetton
CSIRO, Australia
Francis Zwiers
CCCMA, Canada
Climatic extremes can have serious and damaging effects on human society and
infrastructure as well as on ecosystems and wildlife. Thus it is usually the
main focus of attention of the news media in reports on climate. We have some
indications from observations concerning how climatic extremes may have changed
in the past, and, from climate models, how they could change in the future
either due to natural climate fluctuations or under conditions of greenhouse
gas-induced warming. These observed and modeled changes relate directly to our
understanding of socio-economic and ecological impacts related to extremes.
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Hongjun Zhang:
zhangho@ucar.edu