|
Monthly longterm global SST and sea ice analysis.In situ sea surface observations and satellite derived
estimates at the sea surface are included in the analysis. SST bucket corrections have been applied to
gridded fields from 1870 through 1941. And a blend of satellite AVHRR (for SST), SSMI (for ice), and
observations are used in the modern periods.
(Taken from abstract of the JGR paper cited below in Relavant Articles)
We present the Met Office Hadley Centre's sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST) data set, HadISST1,
and the nighttime marine air temperature (NMAT) data set, HadMAT1. HadISST1 replaces the global sea ice and sea
surface temperature (GISST) data sets and is a unique combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST
and sea ice concentration on a 1° latitude-longitude grid from 1871. The companion HadMAT1 runs monthly from 1856
on a 5° latitude-longitude grid and incorporates new corrections for the effect on NMAT of increasing deck (and hence measurement)
heights. HadISST1 and HadMAT1 temperatures are reconstructed using a two-stage reduced-space optimal interpolation procedure,
followed by superposition of quality-improved gridded observations onto the reconstructions to restore local detail. The
sea ice fields are made more homogeneous by compensating satellite microwave-based sea ice concentrations for the impact
of surface melt effects on retrievals in the Arctic and for algorithm deficiencies in the Antarctic and by making the historical
in situ concentrations consistent with the satellite data. SSTs near sea ice are estimated using statistical relationships between
SST and sea ice concentration. HadISST1 compares well with other published analyses, capturing trends in global, hemispheric, and
regional SST well, containing SST fields with more uniform variance through time and better month-to-month persistence than those in
GISST. HadMAT1 is more consistent with SST and with collocated land surface air temperatures than previous NMAT data sets.
|
