Optical properties for each plant functional
type. Leaf angle refers to the departure of leaf angles from a random
distribution with values of 1 for horizontal leaves, 0 for random leaves, and
–1 for vertical leaves. Reflectance and transmittance are for visible (VIS) and
near-infrared (NIR) wavebands. NET, needleleaf evergreen tree; NDT; needleleaf
deciduous tree; BET, broadleaf evergreen tree; BDT, broadleaf deciduous tree;
BES, broadleaf evergreen shrub; BDS, broadleaf deciduous shrub. Two types of
crops are allowed to account for the different physiology of crops, but
currently only one type is specified in the surface datasets.
|
|
Leaf
Angle |
Leaf
Reflectance |
Stem
Reflectance |
Leaf
Transmittance |
Stem
Transmittance |
||||
|
Plant Functional Type |
|
VIS |
NIR |
VIS |
NIR |
VIS |
NIR |
VIS |
NIR |
|
NET temperate |
0.01 |
0.07 |
0.35 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.10 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
NET boreal |
0.01 |
0.07 |
0.35 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.10 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
NDT boreal |
0.01 |
0.07 |
0.35 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.10 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
BET tropical |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.45 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
BET temperate |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.45 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
BDT tropical |
0.01 |
0.10 |
0.45 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
BDT temperate |
0.25 |
0.10 |
0.45 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
BDT boreal |
0.25 |
0.10 |
0.45 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
BES temperate |
0.01 |
0.07 |
0.35 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.10 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
BDS temperate |
0.25 |
0.10 |
0.45 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
BDS boreal |
0.25 |
0.10 |
0.45 |
0.16 |
0.39 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
|
C3 grass
arctic |
-0.30 |
0.11 |
0.58 |
0.36 |
0.58 |
0.07 |
0.25 |
0.220 |
0.380 |
|
C3 grass |
-0.30 |
0.11 |
0.58 |
0.36 |
0.58 |
0.07 |
0.25 |
0.220 |
0.380 |
|
C4 grass |
-0.30 |
0.11 |
0.58 |
0.36 |
0.58 |
0.07 |
0.25 |
0.220 |
0.380 |
|
Crop1 |
-0.30 |
0.11 |
0.58 |
0.36 |
0.58 |
0.07 |
0.25 |
0.220 |
0.380 |
|
Crop2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Morphology for each plant functional type. Roughness
length and displacement height are in proportion to canopy top height. Root
distribution at depth z (m) is
f(z)=1-0.5[exp(-az)+exp(-bz)].
|
|
Leaf |
Roughness |
Displacement |
Root
Distribution |
|
|
Plant Functional Type |
Dimension
(m) |
Length |
Height |
a |
b |
|
NET temperate |
0.04 |
0.055 |
0.67 |
7.0 |
2.0 |
|
NET boreal |
0.04 |
0.055 |
0.67 |
7.0 |
2.0 |
|
NDT boreal |
0.04 |
0.055 |
0.67 |
7.0 |
2.0 |
|
BET tropical |
0.04 |
0.075 |
0.67 |
7.0 |
1.0 |
|
BET temperate |
0.04 |
0.075 |
0.67 |
7.0 |
1.0 |
|
BDT tropical |
0.04 |
0.055 |
0.67 |
6.0 |
2.0 |
|
BDT temperate |
0.04 |
0.055 |
0.67 |
6.0 |
2.0 |
|
BDT boreal |
0.04 |
0.055 |
0.67 |
6.0 |
2.0 |
|
BES temperate |
0.04 |
0.120 |
0.68 |
7.0 |
1.5 |
|
BDS temperate |
0.04 |
0.120 |
0.68 |
7.0 |
1.5 |
|
BDS boreal |
0.04 |
0.120 |
0.68 |
7.0 |
1.5 |
|
C3 grass
arctic |
0.04 |
0.120 |
0.68 |
11.0 |
2.0 |
|
C3 grass |
0.04 |
0.120 |
0.68 |
11.0 |
2.0 |
|
C4 grass |
0.04 |
0.120 |
0.68 |
11.0 |
2.0 |
|
Crop1 |
0.04 |
0.120 |
0.68 |
6.0 |
3.0 |
|
Crop2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Photosynthetic
parameters for each plant functional type. Path, photosynthetic pathway; Vmax25,
maximum carboxylation at 25°C (mmol CO2 m-2 s-1);
a, quantum efficiency (mmol CO2 mmol photon-1); m, slope of conductance-photosynthesis
relationship.
|
Plant Functional Type |
Path |
Vmax25 |
a |
m |
|
NET temperate |
C3 |
51 |
0.06 |
6 |
|
NET boreal |
C3 |
43 |
0.06 |
6 |
|
NDT boreal |
C3 |
43 |
0.06 |
6 |
|
BET tropical |
C3 |
75 |
0.06 |
9 |
|
BET temperate |
C3 |
69 |
0.06 |
9 |