"lm.ex" <- c(" ", "lm(y~x)->out fits Linear Model of y=a+bx", "lm(y~x,data=z)->out for data in frame z ", "lm(y~x+x**2,data=z)->out fits y=a+bx+bx**2 ", "lm(y~x1+x2,data=z)->out fits y=a+(b1)(x1)+(b2)(x2)", " ", "summaries ", "--------- ", "out gives slope est. and little more", "summary(out) gives slopes and other stuff ", "sum.lm(out) reduced version of summary ", "anova(out) anova table ", "sum.anova(out) same as anova ", "sum.both(out) gives both summary and anova", " ", "plots ", "----- ", "plot(z$x,z$y) scatterplot of x and y", "lines(z$x,out$fitted.values) overlays fitted least", " squares line ", "plot(z$x1,out$residuals) plot of residuals vs x1", "plot(out$fitted.values, ", " out$residuals) plot of residuals", " versus fitted points", " ") "magnet" <- structure(.Data = list("volt" = c(1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 3., 3., 3.) , "turns" = c(100., 200., 300., 100., 200., 300.) , "force" = c(3.6299999999999999, 8.3000000000000007, 9.4399999999999995, 7.2300000000000004, 12.779999999999999, 13.4) , "turns.ch" = structure(.Data = c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3) , levels = c("100", "200", "300") , class = "factor" ) ) , names = c("volt", "turns", "force", "turns.ch") , row.names = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6") , class = "data.frame" ) "michelson" <- structure(.Data = list("V1" = c(850., 740., 900., 1070., 930., 850., 950., 980., 980., 880., 1000., 980., 930., 650., 760., 810., 1000., 1000., 960., 960.) , "V2" = c(960., 940., 960., 940., 880., 800., 850., 880., 900., 840., 830., 790., 810., 880., 880., 830., 800., 790., 760., 800.) , "V3" = c(880., 880., 880., 860., 720., 720., 620., 860., 970., 950., 880., 910., 850., 870., 840., 840., 850., 840., 840., 840.) , "V4" = c(890., 810., 810., 820., 800., 770., 760., 740., 750., 760., 910., 920., 890., 860., 880., 720., 840., 850., 850., 780.) , "V5" = c(890., 840., 780., 810., 760., 810., 790., 810., 820., 850., 870., 870., 810., 740., 810., 940., 950., 800., 810., 870.) ) , names = c("V1", "V2", "V3", "V4", "V5") , row.names = c(1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20.) , class = "data.frame" ) "micro" <- list("time" = c(66., 80., 71., 131., 154., 170., 137., 135.) , "power" = c("high", "high", "high", "high", "low", "low", "low", "low") , "loc" = c("center", "center", "corner", "corner", "center", "center", "corner", "corner") , "sugar" = c("1/4tsp", "w/o", "1/4tsp", "w/o", "1/4tsp", "w/o", "1/4tsp", "w/o") ) "minitri" <- structure(.Data = list("swim" = named(" 1" = 13.77 , " 2" = 14.25 , " 3" = 12.4 , " 4" = 13.6 , " 5" = 11.23 , " 6" = 14.6 , " 7" = 15.630000000000001 , " 8" = 13.619999999999999 , " 9" = 17.030000000000001 , " 10" = 13.1 , " 11" = 16.5 , " 12" = 15.57 , " 13" = 14.279999999999999 , " 14" = 16.129999999999999 , " 15" = 14.98 , " 16" = 15.65 , " 17" = 14.550000000000001 , " 18" = 13.73 , " 19" = 14.67 , " 20" = 14.630000000000001 , " 21" = 12.529999999999999 , " 22" = 16.52 , " 23" = 14.449999999999999 , " 24" = 17.23 , " 25" = 15.77 , " 26" = 13.529999999999999 , " 27" = 17.379999999999999 , " 28" = 16.579999999999998 , " 29" = 16.969999999999999 , " 30" = 12.9 , " 31" = 15.48 , " 32" = 15.6 , " 33" = 16.43 , " 34" = 17.370000000000001 , " 35" = 15.65 , " 36" = 20.170000000000002 , " 37" = 16.57 , " 38" = 15.75 , " 39" = 18.32 , " 40" = 16.149999999999999 , " 41" = 18.77 , " 42" = 19.550000000000001 , " 43" = 17.050000000000001 , " 44" = 15.75 , " 45" = 17.469999999999999 , " 46" = 22.18 , " 47" = 12.779999999999999 , " 48" = 19.050000000000001 , " 49" = 17. , " 50" = 18.649999999999999 , " 51" = 18.379999999999999 , " 52" = 18.030000000000001 , " 53" = 18.079999999999998 , " 54" = 18.219999999999999 , " 55" = 21.300000000000001 , " 56" = 17.82 , " 59" = 16. , " 60" = 15.300000000000001 , " 61" = 19.800000000000001 , " 62" = 16.329999999999998 , " 64" = 14.9 , " 65" = 18.079999999999998 , " 66" = 17. , " 68" = 24.77 , " 69" = 17.030000000000001 , " 70" = 21.719999999999999 , " 71" = 14.77 , " 72" = 17.280000000000001 , " 73" = 19.879999999999999 , " 74" = 19.75 , " 75" = 18.170000000000002 , " 76" = 20.670000000000002 , " 77" = 17.600000000000001 , " 78" = 18.07 , " 79" = 20.530000000000001 , " 80" = 16.780000000000001 , " 81" = 18.420000000000002 , " 82" = 21.43 , " 83" = 25.350000000000001 , " 84" = 16.370000000000001 , " 85" = 18.879999999999999 , " 86" = 20.300000000000001 , " 87" = 21.93 , " 88" = 20. , " 89" = 19.420000000000002 , " 90" = 16.969999999999999 , " 91" = 15.25 , " 92" = 22.52 , " 93" = 16.800000000000001 , " 96" = 17.579999999999998 , " 97" = 20.449999999999999 , " 98" = 21.780000000000001 , "100" = 17.920000000000002 , "102" = 24.829999999999998 , "103" = 20.379999999999999 , "104" = 20.370000000000001 , "105" = 28.350000000000001 , "106" = 23.949999999999999 , "107" = 25.149999999999999 , "108" = 18.57 , "109" = 19.949999999999999 , "110" = 26.219999999999999 , "111" = 22.079999999999998 , "112" = 25.77 , "113" = 23.699999999999999 , "114" = 26.149999999999999 , "116" = 18.050000000000001 , "117" = 30.699999999999999 , "118" = 29.879999999999999 , "119" = 30.77 ) , "bike" = named(" 1" = 39.719999999999999 , " 2" = 39. , " 3" = 42.200000000000003 , " 4" = 39.950000000000003 , " 5" = 41.719999999999999 , " 6" = 42.25 , " 7" = 43.770000000000003 , " 8" = 42.170000000000002 , " 9" = 40.630000000000003 , " 10" = 44.68 , " 11" = 43.630000000000003 , " 12" = 42.780000000000001 , " 13" = 41.700000000000003 , " 14" = 45.57 , " 15" = 42.829999999999998 , " 16" = 44.520000000000003 , " 17" = 43.899999999999999 , " 18" = 45.729999999999997 , " 19" = 43.049999999999997 , " 20" = 44.899999999999999 , " 21" = 48.07 , " 22" = 44.93 , " 23" = 47.869999999999997 , " 24" = 45.549999999999997 , " 25" = 46.100000000000001 , " 26" = 44.600000000000001 , " 27" = 45.719999999999999 , " 28" = 44.729999999999997 , " 29" = 46.850000000000001 , " 30" = 49.399999999999999 , " 31" = 47.43 , " 32" = 44.520000000000003 , " 33" = 43.670000000000002 , " 34" = 47.700000000000003 , " 35" = 48.57 , " 36" = 45.780000000000001 , " 37" = 47.350000000000001 , " 38" = 45.630000000000003 , " 39" = 46.469999999999999 , " 40" = 47.119999999999997 , " 41" = 49.619999999999997 , " 42" = 48.5 , " 43" = 54.399999999999999 , " 44" = 49.399999999999999 , " 45" = 48.770000000000003 , " 46" = 46.969999999999999 , " 47" = 49.920000000000002 , " 48" = 48.979999999999997 , " 49" = 50.57 , " 50" = 49.520000000000003 , " 51" = 52.579999999999998 , " 52" = 47.619999999999997 , " 53" = 50.049999999999997 , " 54" = 51.75 , " 55" = 50.68 , " 56" = 52.280000000000001 , " 59" = 48.57 , " 60" = 50.380000000000003 , " 61" = 46.200000000000003 , " 62" = 49.93 , " 64" = 47.700000000000003 , " 65" = 52.68 , " 66" = 50.280000000000001 , " 68" = 46.119999999999997 , " 69" = 53.170000000000002 , " 70" = 51.630000000000003 , " 71" = 58.420000000000002 , " 72" = 55.299999999999997 , " 73" = 50.68 , " 74" = 51.82 , " 75" = 51.93 , " 76" = 48.82 , " 77" = 51.869999999999997 , " 78" = 55.399999999999999 , " 79" = 55.170000000000002 , " 80" = 53.82 , " 81" = 50.229999999999997 , " 82" = 47.920000000000002 , " 83" = 50.979999999999997 , " 84" = 51.950000000000003 , " 85" = 53.469999999999999 , " 86" = 52.5 , " 87" = 53.979999999999997 , " 88" = 47.049999999999997 , " 89" = 58.920000000000002 , " 90" = 52.670000000000002 , " 91" = 52.100000000000001 , " 92" = 49.719999999999999 , " 93" = 61.329999999999998 , " 96" = 58.729999999999997 , " 97" = 58. , " 98" = 56.229999999999997 , "100" = 58.950000000000003 , "102" = 55.479999999999997 , "103" = 61.030000000000001 , "104" = 57.369999999999997 , "105" = 54.68 , "106" = 57.619999999999997 , "107" = 58.520000000000003 , "108" = 56.700000000000003 , "109" = 63.82 , "110" = 59.07 , "111" = 66.030000000000001 , "112" = 60.829999999999998 , "113" = 62.369999999999997 , "114" = 66.870000000000005 , "116" = 75. , "117" = 65.379999999999995 , "118" = 68.25 , "119" = 67.349999999999994 ) , "run" = named(" 1" = 25.02 , " 2" = 25.68 , " 3" = 24.949999999999999 , " 4" = 27.649999999999999 , " 5" = 29.25 , " 6" = 26.829999999999998 , " 7" = 24.800000000000001 , " 8" = 28.73 , " 9" = 29. , " 10" = 28.100000000000001 , " 11" = 25.850000000000001 , " 12" = 29.399999999999999 , " 13" = 31.329999999999998 , " 14" = 26.199999999999999 , " 15" = 30.449999999999999 , " 16" = 29.32 , " 17" = 31.129999999999999 , " 18" = 30.48 , " 19" = 32.32 , " 20" = 30.620000000000001 , " 21" = 29.920000000000002 , " 22" = 30.120000000000001 , " 23" = 29.699999999999999 , " 24" = 29.25 , " 25" = 30.280000000000001 , " 26" = 34.07 , " 27" = 31.550000000000001 , " 28" = 33.5 , " 29" = 31.030000000000001 , " 30" = 32.719999999999999 , " 31" = 32.280000000000001 , " 32" = 35.100000000000001 , " 33" = 35.130000000000003 , " 34" = 30.48 , " 35" = 31.5 , " 36" = 30.370000000000001 , " 37" = 32.82 , " 38" = 35.799999999999997 , " 39" = 32.82 , " 40" = 34.670000000000002 , " 41" = 30.329999999999998 , " 42" = 30.949999999999999 , " 43" = 27.57 , " 44" = 34.079999999999998 , " 45" = 33.130000000000003 , " 46" = 30.57 , " 47" = 37.43 , " 48" = 32.119999999999997 , " 49" = 32.93 , " 50" = 32.399999999999999 , " 51" = 29.629999999999999 , " 52" = 35.079999999999998 , " 53" = 32.649999999999999 , " 54" = 30.98 , " 55" = 30.219999999999999 , " 56" = 32.119999999999997 , " 59" = 38.079999999999998 , " 60" = 37.229999999999997 , " 61" = 36.950000000000003 , " 62" = 36.719999999999999 , " 64" = 40.700000000000003 , " 65" = 32.869999999999997 , " 66" = 36.530000000000001 , " 68" = 33.719999999999999 , " 69" = 34.450000000000003 , " 70" = 31.469999999999999 , " 71" = 31.699999999999999 , " 72" = 33.030000000000001 , " 73" = 35.68 , " 74" = 34.880000000000003 , " 75" = 36.57 , " 76" = 37.270000000000003 , " 77" = 37.869999999999997 , " 78" = 34.32 , " 79" = 32.100000000000001 , " 80" = 37.329999999999998 , " 81" = 39.729999999999997 , " 82" = 39.07 , " 83" = 32.119999999999997 , " 84" = 40.520000000000003 , " 85" = 36.770000000000003 , " 86" = 36.57 , " 87" = 33.549999999999997 , " 88" = 42.549999999999997 , " 89" = 31.48 , " 90" = 40.799999999999997 , " 91" = 43.450000000000003 , " 92" = 39.030000000000001 , " 93" = 34.119999999999997 , " 96" = 37.119999999999997 , " 97" = 35.030000000000001 , " 98" = 36.450000000000003 , "100" = 38.479999999999997 , "102" = 36.25 , "103" = 36.57 , "104" = 40.899999999999999 , "105" = 37.979999999999997 , "106" = 37.979999999999997 , "107" = 37.450000000000003 , "108" = 45.899999999999999 , "109" = 44.18 , "110" = 45.020000000000003 , "111" = 42.369999999999997 , "112" = 45.380000000000003 , "113" = 51.799999999999997 , "114" = 45.880000000000003 , "116" = 48.18 , "117" = 51.799999999999997 , "118" = 57.229999999999997 , "119" = 57.350000000000001 ) ) , names = c("swim", "bike", "run") , row.names = c(" 1", " 2", " 3", " 4", " 5", " 6", " 7", " 8", " 9", " 10", " 11", " 12", " 13", " 14", " 15", " 16", " 17", " 18", " 19", " 20", " 21", " 22", " 23", " 24", " 25", " 26", " 27", " 28", " 29", " 30", " 31", " 32", " 33", " 34", " 35", " 36", " 37", " 38", " 39", " 40", " 41", " 42", " 43", " 44", " 45", " 46", " 47", " 48", " 49", " 50", " 51", " 52", " 53", " 54", " 55", " 56", " 59", " 60", " 61", " 62", " 64", " 65", " 66", " 68", " 69", " 70", " 71", " 72", " 73", " 74", " 75", " 76", " 77", " 78", " 79", " 80", " 81", " 82", " 83", " 84", " 85", " 86", " 87", " 88", " 89", " 90", " 91", " 92", " 93", " 96", " 97", " 98", "100", "102", "103", "104", "105", "106", "107", "108", "109", "110", "111", "112", "113", "114", "116", "117", "118", "119") , class = "data.frame" ) "minitri.std" <- list("swim" = named(" 1" = -1.1416147995899 , " 2" = -1.0204106223632716 , " 3" = -1.4875517220909009 , " 4" = -1.1845412790243308 , " 5" = -1.7829869040808071 , " 6" = -0.93203257646885529 , " 7" = -0.67194861283671548 , " 8" = -1.1794911049732213 , " 9" = -0.3184364292590498 , " 10" = -1.3107956303020685 , " 11" = -0.45226604161345207 , " 12" = -0.68709913499004405 , " 13" = -1.0128353612866074 , " 14" = -0.54569426155897816 , " 15" = -0.83607926949777456 , " 16" = -0.66689843878560606 , " 17" = -0.94465801159662888 , " 18" = -1.1517151476921188 , " 19" = -0.91435696728997196 , " 20" = -0.92445731539219078 , " 21" = -1.4547255907586893 , " 22" = -0.44721586756234266 , " 23" = -0.96990888185217672 , " 24" = -0.26793468874795495 , " 25" = -0.63659739447894914 , " 26" = -1.202216888203214 , " 27" = -0.23005838336463397 , " 28" = -0.43206534540901448 , " 29" = -0.33358695141237893 , " 30" = -1.3612973708131633 , " 31" = -0.70982491822003679 , " 32" = -0.67952387391337998 , " 33" = -0.46994165079233541 , " 34" = -0.23258347039018823 , " 35" = -0.66689843878560606 , " 36" = 0.47444089676514301 , " 37" = -0.43459043243456869 , " 38" = -0.64164756853005855 , " 39" = 0.0072997970375131916 , " 40" = -0.54064408750786874 , " 41" = 0.12092871318747693 , " 42" = 0.31788550118074799 , " 43" = -0.31338625520794045 , " 44" = -0.64164756853005855 , " 45" = -0.20733260013464122 , " 46" = 0.98198338890164794 , " 47" = -1.3915984151198206 , " 48" = 0.19163114990301031 , " 49" = -0.32601169033571437 , " 50" = 0.090627668880819634 , " 51" = 0.022450319190841391 , " 52" = -0.065927726703574455 , " 53" = -0.053302291575801401 , " 54" = -0.017951073218034703 , " 55" = 0.75977573065282988 , " 56" = -0.1189545542402245 , " 59" = -0.57852039289118973 , " 60" = -0.75527648468002229 , " 61" = 0.38101267681961687 , " 62" = -0.49519252104788331 , " 64" = -0.85627996570221254 , " 65" = -0.053302291575801401 , " 66" = -0.32601169033571437 , " 68" = 1.6359809285203291 , " 69" = -0.3184364292590498 , " 70" = 0.86582938572612911 , " 71" = -0.88910609703442456 , " 72" = -0.25530925362018098 , " 73" = 0.40121337302405446 , " 74" = 0.36838724169184289 , " 75" = -0.030576508345807756 , " 76" = 0.60069524804288066 , " 77" = -0.17450646880242879 , " 78" = -0.05582737860135565 , " 79" = 0.56534402968511399 , " 80" = -0.38156360489791868 , " 81" = 0.032550667293061088 , " 82" = 0.79260186198504146 , " 83" = 1.7824359760025053 , " 84" = -0.48509217294566359 , " 85" = 0.14870467046857908 , " 86" = 0.50726702809735458 , " 87" = 0.91885621326277911 , " 88" = 0.43151441733071172 , " 89" = 0.28505936984853647 , " 90" = -0.33358695141237893 , " 91" = -0.76790191980779632 , " 92" = 1.0678363477705095 , " 93" = -0.37651343084680927 , " 96" = -0.17955664285353909 , " 97" = 0.54514333348067545 , " 98" = 0.88097990787945823 , "100" = -0.0937036839846766 , "102" = 1.6511314506736574 , "103" = 0.52746772430179212 , "104" = 0.52494263727623791 , "105" = 2.5399620836689314 , "106" = 1.4289237924248392 , "107" = 1.7319342354914096 , "108" = 0.070426972676382038 , "109" = 0.4188889822029378 , "110" = 2.0021185472257681 , "111" = 0.95673251864610009 , "112" = 1.8884896310758046 , "113" = 1.3657966167859705 , "114" = 1.9844429380468849 , "116" = -0.060877552652465049 , "117" = 3.1333575346742979 , "118" = 2.9263003985788081 , "119" = 3.1510331438531813 ) , "bike" = named(" 1" = -1.6050420975515105 , " 2" = -1.7095672703298288 , " 3" = -1.2450109468706354 , " 4" = -1.5716521118028806 , " 5" = -1.3146943953895149 , " 6" = -1.237752254316586 , " 7" = -1.0170880006734688 , " 8" = -1.2493661624030654 , " 9" = -1.472933893067802 , " 10" = -0.88497979618976119 , " 11" = -1.0374123398248085 , " 12" = -1.1608101132436568 , " 13" = -1.3175978724111344 , " 14" = -0.75577506872767308 , " 15" = -1.1535514206896074 , " 16" = -0.90820761236272041 , " 17" = -0.99821540003293974 , " 18" = -0.73254725255471387 , " 19" = -1.121613173451788 , " 20" = -0.85304154895194184 , " 21" = -0.39284044102517851 , " 22" = -0.84868633341951172 , " 23" = -0.4218752112413785 , " 24" = -0.7586785457492935 , " 25" = -0.67883292765474401 , " 26" = -0.89659370427624085 , " 27" = -0.73399899106552358 , " 28" = -0.87772110363571176 , " 29" = -0.5699525393439957 , " 30" = -0.19975921908745164 , " 31" = -0.4857517057170172 , " 32" = -0.90820761236272041 , " 33" = -1.0316053857815688 , " 34" = -0.44655476592514731 , " 35" = -0.32025351548467956 , " 36" = -0.72528856000066344 , " 37" = -0.49736561380349675 , " 38" = -0.74706463766281284 , " 39" = -0.62511860275477527 , " 40" = -0.53075559955212681 , " 41" = -0.16782097184963229 , " 42" = -0.33041568506034946 , " 43" = 0.5261100363175375 , " 44" = -0.19975921908745164 , " 45" = -0.29121874526847963 , " 46" = -0.55253167721427632 , " 47" = -0.12426881652533232 , " 48" = -0.26073223654147099 , " 49" = -0.029905813322683935 , " 50" = -0.18233835695773123 , " 51" = 0.26189362735012139 , " 52" = -0.45816867401162792 , " 53" = -0.10539621588480326 , " 54" = 0.14139933095289345 , " 55" = -0.013936689703774256 , " 56" = 0.21834147202582246 , " 59" = -0.32025351548467956 , " 60" = -0.057488845028073193 , " 61" = -0.66431554254664404 , " 62" = -0.12281707801452263 , " 64" = -0.44655476592514731 , " 65" = 0.27641101245822142 , " 66" = -0.072006230136173174 , " 68" = -0.67592945063312471 , " 69" = 0.3475461994879106 , " 70" = 0.12397846882317409 , " 71" = 1.1097089176631492 , " 72" = 0.65676650229043532 , " 73" = -0.013936689703774256 , " 74" = 0.15156150052856335 , " 75" = 0.16753062414747302 , " 76" = -0.28396005271443014 , " 77" = 0.15882019308261283 , " 78" = 0.67128388739853528 , " 79" = 0.63789390164990623 , " 80" = 0.441909202690559 , " 81" = -0.079264922690223685 , " 82" = -0.41461651868732796 , " 83" = 0.029615465620524681 , " 84" = 0.17043410116909344 , " 85" = 0.39109835481220956 , " 86" = 0.25027971926364184 , " 87" = 0.46513701886351816 , " 88" = -0.54091776912779677 , " 89" = 1.1822958432036481 , " 90" = 0.27495927394741171 , " 91" = 0.19221017883124292 , " 92" = -0.1533035867415323 , " 93" = 1.5321648243088524 , " 96" = 1.1547128114982579 , " 97" = 1.0487359002091299 , " 98" = 0.79177818379576326 , "100" = 1.1866510587360781 , "102" = 0.68289779548501495 , "103" = 1.4886126689845534 , "104" = 0.95727637402810084 , "105" = 0.5667587146202171 , "106" = 0.99356983679835031 , "107" = 1.1242263027712491 , "108" = 0.86000989380383308 , "109" = 1.8936477135005372 , "110" = 1.2040719208657975 , "111" = 2.2144819243895424 , "112" = 1.4595778987683534 , "113" = 1.68314562943309 , "114" = 2.3364279592975814 , "116" = 3.516691368586093 , "117" = 2.1201189211868932 , "118" = 2.5367678737893575 , "119" = 2.4061114078164589 ) , "run" = named(" 1" = -1.5714101969077783 , " 2" = -1.4656531282021543 , " 3" = -1.5826268557098899 , " 4" = -1.1499843019141562 , " 5" = -0.89360352929446174 , " 6" = -1.2813794478817495 , " 7" = -1.6066625531429861 , " 8" = -0.9769272803958623 , " 9" = -0.93366302501628895 , " 10" = -1.0778772096148668 , " 11" = -1.4384126711113117 , " 12" = -0.86956783186136566 , " 13" = -0.56030852488885963 , " 14" = -1.3823293771007539 , " 15" = -0.7013179498296912 , " 16" = -0.88238687049235009 , " 17" = -0.59235612146632122 , " 18" = -0.69651081034307183 , " 19" = -0.40167292183042352 , " 20" = -0.67407749273884843 , " 21" = -0.78624408075996455 , " 22" = -0.75419648418250285 , " 23" = -0.82149643699517283 , " 24" = -0.89360352929446174 , " 25" = -0.72855840692053342 , " 26" = -0.12125645177763301 , " 27" = -0.52505616865365123 , " 28" = -0.21259210202339912 , " 29" = -0.60837991975505179 , " 30" = -0.33757772867550018 , " 31" = -0.40808244114591574 , " 32" = 0.043788670596295286 , " 33" = 0.048595810082914734 , " 34" = -0.69651081034307183 , " 35" = -0.53306806779801685 , " 36" = -0.71413698846067564 , " 37" = -0.3215539303867691 , " 38" = 0.1559552586174108 , " 39" = -0.3215539303867691 , " 40" = -0.025113662045247474 , " 41" = -0.72054650777616847 , " 42" = -0.62119895838603678 , " 43" = -1.1628033405451406 , " 44" = -0.11965407194876024 , " 45" = -0.27188015569170298 , " 46" = -0.68208939188321405 , " 47" = 0.41714317072372464 , " 48" = -0.43372051840788572 , " 49" = -0.30392775226916519 , " 50" = -0.38885388319943909 , " 51" = -0.83271309579728459 , " 52" = 0.040583910938548608 , " 53" = -0.34879438747761188 , " 54" = -0.61639181889941741 , " 55" = -0.73817268589377238 , " 56" = -0.43372051840788572 , " 59" = 0.52129785960047514 , " 60" = 0.38509557414626244 , " 61" = 0.34022893893781692 , " 62" = 0.30337420287373523 , " 64" = 0.94112137476522506 , " 65" = -0.3135420312424041 , " 66" = 0.27292898612514693 , " 68" = -0.17733974578819134 , " 69" = -0.060366018280455243 , " 70" = -0.53787520728463623 , " 71" = -0.50102047122055515 , " 72" = -0.28790395398043411 , " 73" = 0.13672670067093415 , " 74" = 0.0085363143610875224 , " 75" = 0.27933850544063915 , " 76" = 0.39150509346175577 , " 77" = 0.48764788319414021 , " 78" = -0.081196956055805805 , " 79" = -0.43692527806563125 , " 80" = 0.40111937243499352 , " 81" = 0.78569053136453459 , " 82" = 0.6799334626589113 , " 83" = -0.43372051840788572 , " 84" = 0.91227853784550961 , " 85" = 0.31138610201810135 , " 86" = 0.27933850544063915 , " 87" = -0.20458020287903411 , " 88" = 1.2375616431067455 , " 89" = -0.53627282745576288 , " 90" = 0.95714517305395508 , " 91" = 1.3817758277053245 , " 92" = 0.67352394334341903 , " 93" = -0.11324455263326803 , " 96" = 0.36746939602865852 , " 97" = 0.032572011794183627 , " 98" = 0.2601099474941625 , "100" = 0.58539305275539855 , "102" = 0.22806235091670024 , "103" = 0.27933850544063915 , "104" = 0.97316897134268621 , "105" = 0.50527406131174402 , "106" = 0.50527406131174402 , "107" = 0.42034793038147134 , "108" = 1.7743588857792305 , "109" = 1.4987495552130594 , "110" = 1.6333494608383994 , "111" = 1.20871880618703 , "112" = 1.6910351346778305 , "113" = 2.7197629848143525 , "114" = 1.7711541261214849 , "116" = 2.139701486762295 , "117" = 2.7197629848143525 , "118" = 3.5898552318924395 , "119" = 3.6090837898389174 ) ) "mplot" <- function(y, ..., both = F) { temp <- list(...) locall <- # to get variable names sys.call() locall <- as.character(locall) nvar <- length(temp) if(nvar == 2.) set.panel(2., 1.) else if(nvar == 3.) set.panel(3., 1.) else set.panel(3., 2.) if(nvar > 2.) for(k in 1.:(nvar - 1.)) { for(j in (k + 1.):nvar) { interaction.plot(temp[[k]], temp[[j]], y, xlab = locall[k + 2.], trace.label = locall[ j + 2.], ylab = locall[2.]) title("Mean of Y for values of X1 (x axis) and \n X2 (diff. line types)" ) } } else interaction.plot(temp[[1.]], temp[[2.]], y, xlab = locall[3.], trace.label = locall[4.], ylab = locall[2.]) title("Mean of Y for values of X1 (x axis) and \n X2 (diff. line types)" ) if(both) interaction.plot(temp[[2.]], temp[[1.]], y, xlab = locall[ 4.], trace.label = locall[3.], ylab = locall[2.]) if(both) title("Mean of Y for values of X2 (x axis) and \n X1 (diff. line types)" ) } "ncsu" <- structure(.Data = list("year" = c(1893., 1894., 1895., 1896., 1897., 1898., 1899., 1900., 1901., 1902., 1903., 1904., 1905., 1906., 1907., 1908., 1909., 1910., 1911., 1912., 1913., 1914., 1915., 1916., 1917., 1918., 1919., 1920., 1921., 1922., 1923., 1924., 1925., 1926., 1927., 1928., 1929., 1930., 1931., 1932., 1933., 1934., 1935., 1936., 1937., 1938., 1939., 1940., 1941., 1942., 1943., 1944., 1945., 1946., 1947., 1948., 1949., 1950., 1951., 1952., 1953., 1954., 1955., 1956., 1957., 1958., 1959., 1960., 1961., 1962., 1963., 1964., 1965., 1966., 1967., 1968., 1969., 1970., 1971., 1972., 1973., 1974., 1975., 1976., 1977., 1978., 1979., 1980., 1981., 1982., 1983., 1984.) , "degree" = c(19., 9., 23., 13., 20., 13., 18., 25., 24., 14., 36., 38., 41., 54., 53., 53., 68., 63., 46., 52., 66., 82., 75., 98., 87., 52., 45., 87., 112., 151., 153., 139., 151., 211., 176., 205., 245., 295., 303., 328., 323., 316., 299., 303., 311., 349., 341., 398., 365., 374., 275., 116., 74., 103., 394., 655., 1335., 1331., 1009., 860., 805., 729., 667., 723., 903., 1000., 1181., 1202., 1254., 1211., 1193., 1334., 1519., 1635., 1720., 1832., 2334., 2830., 1556., 2540., 2793., 2767., 2800., 2994., 3219., 3287., 3225., 3197., 3227., 3441., 3563., 3802.) ) , names = c("year", "degree") , row.names = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69", "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "90", "91", "92") , class = "data.frame" ) "norm.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dnorm(x,mean=4,sd=6) evaluates normal density at x", "pnorm(x,mean=4,sd=6) evaluates normal dist. fn. at x", "qnorm(px,mean=4,sd=6) evaluates normal quantile fn. at px", " For example, ", " > px <- c(.05,.5,.95) ", " > qnorm(px,mean=4,sd=6) ", " [1] -5.869122 4.000000 13.869122", " ", "rnorm(50,mean=4,sd=6) generates 50 independent normal r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************") "ozone.sw" <- structure(.Data = list("ozone" = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 312., 300., 281., 267., 295., 325., 360., 365., 372., 375., 382., 350., 336., 314., 305., 280., 285., 316., 324., 325., 347., 359., 373., 331., 308., 295., 288., 268., 279., 313., 349., 401., 355., 418., 368., 345., NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 291., 299., NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 311., 335., 283., 286., 301., 318., 347., 370., 394., 360., 347., 334., 299., 292., 287., 293., 281., 357., 364., 399., 382., 390., 374., 335., 319., 309., 312., 311., 337., 334., 321., 392., 358., 365., 355., 328., 321., 282., 287., 291., 297., 332., 390., 367., 383., 375., 319., 331., 311., 288., 275., 299., 313., 329., 393., 398., 384., 373., 352., 328., 315., 303., 310., 298., 307., 347., 352., 395., 382., 365., 349., 324., 323., 301., 283., 280., 355., 337., 370., 325., 392., 384., 336., 325., 325., 296., 280., 285., 299., 320., 341., 385., 347., 382., 339., 331., 313., 286., 304., 284., 309., 387., 400., 418., 430., 403., 388., 346., 323., 310., 292., 302., 338., 362., 395., 417., 409., 417., 361., 348., 336., 306., 299., 309., 309., 400., 422., 373., 408., 376., 347., 325., 309., 284., 272., 298., 313., 338., 341., 385., 363., 348., 352., 336., 303., 291., 292., 303., 321., 300., 365., 385., 360., 349., 351., 319., 306., 290., 293., 298., 320., 377., 359., 360., 373., 376., 351., 329., 327., 297., 288., 295., 313., 336., 352., 380., 361., 355., 344., 318., 307., 276., 291., 297., 316., 383., 397., 393., 369., 361., 347., 334., 324., 307., 296., 278., 312., 341., 371., 348., 374., 353., 345., 345., 311., 299., 281., 286., 321., 332., 365., 378., 357., 371., 354., 335., 321., 284., 272., 296., 292., 352., 365., 365., 382., 374., 354., 322., 316., 292., 288., 287., 340., 338., 402., 417., 397., 383., 364., 332., 321., 297., 298., 278., 311., 378., 384., 411., 386., 385., 359., 341., 320., 317., 297., 302., 332., 335., 375., 373., 383., 382., 359., 326., 317., 293., 280., 266., NA, NA, NA, 373., 415., 389., 362., 348., 329., 305., 285., 291., 284., 315., 375., 399., 374., 361., 351., 339., 332., 300., 292., 278., 317., 341., 402., 381., 395., 365., 360., 327., 308., 287., 284., 286., 312., 340., 342., 353., 375., 380., 349., 330., 321., 305., 279., 294., 322., 361., 351., 411., 417., 369., 369., 349., 330., 306., 312., 305., 326., 369., 367., 364., 390., 389., 373., 342., 330., 313., 294., 297., 328., 349., 397., 405., 400., 382., 353., 339., 315., 306., 299., 284., 332., 368., 333., 338., 365., 379., 349., 343., 322., 296., 288., 301., 304., 352., 362., 428., 400., 363., 349., 338., 302., 296., 271., 298., 309., 371., 408., 377., 381., 378., 352., 327., 310., 282., 273., 278., 293., 301., 335., 347., 378., 363., 330., 326., 323., 299., 288., 274., 310., 332., 390., 383., 385., 387., 345., 337., 318., 305., 275., 278., 305., 354., 338., 401., 380., 372., NA, NA, 326., 307., 282., 321., 319., 361., 362., 354., 374., 349., 358., 325., 317., 296., 273., 267., 304., 342., 383., 376., 379., 349., 351., 337., 335., 308., 275., 270., 331., 327., 419., 361., 393., 351., 364., 333., 333., 294., 281., 307., 345., 331., 417., 414., 419., 389., 360., 331., 323., 291., 278., 271., 309., 344., 349., 411., 364., 358., 358., 336., 309., 317., 278., 292., 306.) , "year" = c(1926., 1926., 1926., 1926., 1926., 1926., 1926., 1926., 1926., 1926., 1926., 1926., 1927., 1927., 1927., 1927., 1927., 1927., 1927., 1927., 1927., 1927., 1927., 1927., 1928., 1928., 1928., 1928., 1928., 1928., 1928., 1928., 1928., 1928., 1928., 1928., 1929., 1929., 1929., 1929., 1929., 1929., 1929., 1929., 1929., 1929., 1929., 1929., 1930., 1930., 1930., 1930., 1930., 1930., 1930., 1930., 1930., 1930., 1930., 1930., 1931., 1931., 1931., 1931., 1931., 1931., 1931., 1931., 1931., 1931., 1931., 1931., 1932., 1932., 1932., 1932., 1932., 1932., 1932., 1932., 1932., 1932., 1932., 1932., 1933., 1933., 1933., 1933., 1933., 1933., 1933., 1933., 1933., 1933., 1933., 1933., 1934., 1934., 1934., 1934., 1934., 1934., 1934., 1934., 1934., 1934., 1934., 1934., 1935., 1935., 1935., 1935., 1935., 1935., 1935., 1935., 1935., 1935., 1935., 1935., 1936., 1936., 1936., 1936., 1936., 1936., 1936., 1936., 1936., 1936., 1936., 1936., 1937., 1937., 1937., 1937., 1937., 1937., 1937., 1937., 1937., 1937., 1937., 1937., 1938., 1938., 1938., 1938., 1938., 1938., 1938., 1938., 1938., 1938., 1938., 1938., 1939., 1939., 1939., 1939., 1939., 1939., 1939., 1939., 1939., 1939., 1939., 1939., 1940., 1940., 1940., 1940., 1940., 1940., 1940., 1940., 1940., 1940., 1940., 1940., 1941., 1941., 1941., 1941., 1941., 1941., 1941., 1941., 1941., 1941., 1941., 1941., 1942., 1942., 1942., 1942., 1942., 1942., 1942., 1942., 1942., 1942., 1942., 1942., 1943., 1943., 1943., 1943., 1943., 1943., 1943., 1943., 1943., 1943., 1943., 1943., 1944., 1944., 1944., 1944., 1944., 1944., 1944., 1944., 1944., 1944., 1944., 1944., 1945., 1945., 1945., 1945., 1945., 1945., 1945., 1945., 1945., 1945., 1945., 1945., 1946., 1946., 1946., 1946., 1946., 1946., 1946., 1946., 1946., 1946., 1946., 1946., 1947., 1947., 1947., 1947., 1947., 1947., 1947., 1947., 1947., 1947., 1947., 1947., 1948., 1948., 1948., 1948., 1948., 1948., 1948., 1948., 1948., 1948., 1948., 1948., 1949., 1949., 1949., 1949., 1949., 1949., 1949., 1949., 1949., 1949., 1949., 1949., 1950., 1950., 1950., 1950., 1950., 1950., 1950., 1950., 1950., 1950., 1950., 1950., 1951., 1951., 1951., 1951., 1951., 1951., 1951., 1951., 1951., 1951., 1951., 1951., 1952., 1952., 1952., 1952., 1952., 1952., 1952., 1952., 1952., 1952., 1952., 1952., 1953., 1953., 1953., 1953., 1953., 1953., 1953., 1953., 1953., 1953., 1953., 1953., 1954., 1954., 1954., 1954., 1954., 1954., 1954., 1954., 1954., 1954., 1954., 1954., 1955., 1955., 1955., 1955., 1955., 1955., 1955., 1955., 1955., 1955., 1955., 1955., 1956., 1956., 1956., 1956., 1956., 1956., 1956., 1956., 1956., 1956., 1956., 1956., 1957., 1957., 1957., 1957., 1957., 1957., 1957., 1957., 1957., 1957., 1957., 1957., 1958., 1958., 1958., 1958., 1958., 1958., 1958., 1958., 1958., 1958., 1958., 1958., 1959., 1959., 1959., 1959., 1959., 1959., 1959., 1959., 1959., 1959., 1959., 1959., 1960., 1960., 1960., 1960., 1960., 1960., 1960., 1960., 1960., 1960., 1960., 1960., 1961., 1961., 1961., 1961., 1961., 1961., 1961., 1961., 1961., 1961., 1961., 1961., 1962., 1962., 1962., 1962., 1962., 1962., 1962., 1962., 1962., 1962., 1962., 1962., 1963., 1963., 1963., 1963., 1963., 1963., 1963., 1963., 1963., 1963., 1963., 1963., 1964., 1964., 1964., 1964., 1964., 1964., 1964., 1964., 1964., 1964., 1964., 1964., 1965., 1965., 1965., 1965., 1965., 1965., 1965., 1965., 1965., 1965., 1965., 1965., 1966., 1966., 1966., 1966., 1966., 1966., 1966., 1966., 1966., 1966., 1966., 1966., 1967., 1967., 1967., 1967., 1967., 1967., 1967., 1967., 1967., 1967., 1967., 1967., 1968., 1968., 1968., 1968., 1968., 1968., 1968., 1968., 1968., 1968., 1968., 1968., 1969., 1969., 1969., 1969., 1969., 1969., 1969., 1969., 1969., 1969., 1969., 1969., 1970., 1970., 1970., 1970., 1970., 1970., 1970., 1970., 1970., 1970., 1970., 1970., 1971., 1971., 1971., 1971., 1971., 1971., 1971., 1971., 1971., 1971., 1971., 1971.) , "month" = structure(.Data = c(5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3, 5, 4, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 12, 11, 10, 3) , levels = c("apr", "aug", "dec", "feb", "jan", "jul", "jun", "mar", "may", "nov", "oct", "sep") , class = "factor" ) ) , names = c("ozone", "year", "month") , row.names = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69", "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "90", "91", "92", "93", "94", "95", "96", "97", "98", "99", "100", "101", "102", "103", "104", "105", "106", "107", "108", "109", "110", "111", "112", "113", "114", "115", "116", "117", "118", "119", "120", "121", "122", "123", "124", "125", "126", "127", "128", "129", "130", "131", "132", "133", "134", "135", "136", "137", "138", "139", "140", "141", "142", "143", "144", "145", "146", "147", "148", "149", "150", "151", "152", "153", "154", "155", "156", "157", "158", "159", "160", "161", "162", "163", "164", "165", "166", "167", "168", "169", "170", "171", "172", "173", "174", "175", "176", "177", "178", "179", "180", "181", "182", "183", "184", "185", "186", "187", "188", "189", "190", "191", "192", "193", "194", "195", "196", "197", "198", "199", "200", "201", "202", "203", "204", "205", "206", "207", "208", "209", "210", "211", "212", "213", "214", "215", "216", "217", "218", "219", "220", "221", "222", "223", "224", "225", "226", "227", "228", "229", "230", "231", "232", "233", "234", "235", "236", "237", "238", "239", "240", "241", "242", "243", "244", "245", "246", "247", "248", "249", "250", "251", "252", "253", "254", "255", "256", "257", "258", "259", "260", "261", "262", "263", "264", "265", "266", "267", "268", "269", "270", "271", "272", "273", "274", "275", "276", "277", "278", "279", "280", "281", "282", "283", "284", "285", "286", "287", "288", "289", "290", "291", "292", "293", "294", "295", "296", "297", "298", "299", "300", "301", "302", "303", "304", "305", "306", "307", "308", "309", "310", "311", "312", "313", "314", "315", "316", "317", "318", "319", "320", "321", "322", "323", "324", "325", "326", "327", "328", "329", "330", "331", "332", "333", "334", "335", "336", "337", "338", "339", "340", "341", "342", "343", "344", "345", "346", "347", "348", "349", "350", "351", "352", "353", "354", "355", "356", "357", "358", "359", "360", "361", "362", "363", "364", "365", "366", "367", "368", "369", "370", "371", "372", "373", "374", "375", "376", "377", "378", "379", "380", "381", "382", "383", "384", "385", "386", "387", "388", "389", "390", "391", "392", "393", "394", "395", "396", "397", "398", "399", "400", "401", "402", "403", "404", "405", "406", "407", "408", "409", "410", "411", "412", "413", "414", "415", "416", "417", "418", "419", "420", "421", "422", "423", "424", "425", "426", "427", "428", "429", "430", "431", "432", "433", "434", "435", "436", "437", "438", "439", "440", "441", "442", "443", "444", "445", "446", "447", "448", "449", "450", "451", "452", "453", "454", "455", "456", "457", "458", "459", "460", "461", "462", "463", "464", "465", "466", "467", "468", "469", "470", "471", "472", "473", "474", "475", "476", "477", "478", "479", "480", "481", "482", "483", "484", "485", "486", "487", "488", "489", "490", "491", "492", "493", "494", "495", "496", "497", "498", "499", "500", "501", "502", "503", "504", "505", "506", "507", "508", "509", "510", "511", "512", "513", "514", "515", "516", "517", "518", "519", "520", "521", "522", "523", "524", "525", "526", "527", "528", "529", "530", "531", "532", "533", "534", "535", "536", "537", "538", "539", "540", "541", "542", "543", "544", "545", "546", "547", "548", "549", "550", "551", "552") , class = "data.frame" ) "pbinom.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dbinom(x,N=20,p=.7) evaluates binomial prob. function at x", "pbinom(x,N=20,p=.7) evaluates binomial dist. function at x", "qbinom(px,N=20,p=.7) evaluates binomial quantile function at px", " For example, ", " > px<-c(.05,.5,.95) ", " > qbinom(px,N=20,p=.7) ", " [1] 11 14 17 ", "rbinom(50,N=20,p=.7) generates 50 independent binomial r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************") "pexp.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dexp(x,beta=3) evaluates exponential density with mean=3 at x", "pexp(x,beta=3) evaluates exponential dist. fn. with mean=3 at x", "qexp(px,beta=3) evaluates exponential quantile fn. at px", " For example, ", " > px <- c(.05,.5,.95) ", " > qexp(px,beta=3) ", " [1] 0.1538799 2.0794415 8.9871968 ", " ", "rexp(50,beta=3) generates 50 independent exponential r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************") "pgam.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dgam(x,alpha=2,beta=3) evaluates gamma density at x", "pgam(x,alpha=2,beta=3) evaluates gamma dist. fn. at x", "qgam(px,alpha=2,beta=3) evaluates gamma quantile fn. at px", " For example, ", " > px <- c(.05,.5,.95) ", " > qgam(px,alpha=2,beta=3) ", " [1] 1.066085 5.035041 14.231594", " ", "rgam(50,alpha=2,beta=3) generates 50 independent gamma r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************") "plot.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", " ", "plot(x,y) plots y (vert. axis) against", " x (horiz. axis)", "plot(x,y,type='l') plots line instead of points", "plot(x,y,type='b') plots both lines and points", "plot(x,y,type='o') plots both overlaid", "plot(x,y,type='h') plots vertical lines from base", " of graph", "plot(x,y,pch='+') plots +'s instead of *'s", "plot(x,y,xlab='inches') adds label 'inches' to x axis", "plot(x,y,ylim=c(-3.4,4.66)) makes vertical range", " from -3.4 to 4.66", " ", "The following can be added to an existing plot.", " ", "lines(x2,y2) adds lines to existing plot, ", " if x2 is not in the range of x,", " you will get a message about", " points out of bounds", "points(x2,y2) adds points to an existing plot", "title('Why is this so easy?') adds title to", " existing plot", "title('First Line \n 2nd Line') title with two lines", "mtext(2.1,3.2,'First Group') adds text inside a", " plot at the point", " x=2.1,y=3.2", " ", "See Also: bplot (boxplot), hplot (histogram), ", "lplot (label plot), mplot (means plot), lines, points", " ", "****************************************************") "pnorm.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dnorm(x,mean=4,sd=6) evaluates normal density at x", "pnorm(x,mean=4,sd=6) evaluates normal dist. fn. at x", "qnorm(px,mean=4,sd=6) evaluates normal quantile fn. at px", " For example, ", " > px <- c(.05,.5,.95) ", " > qnorm(px,mean=4,sd=6) ", " [1] -5.869122 4.000000 13.869122", " ", "rnorm(50,mean=4,sd=6) generates 50 independent normal r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************") "points.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", " ", "plot(x,y) plots y versus x ", "points(x2,y2) adds points to existing plot; if x2", " is not in the range of x, you will get", " a message about points out of bounds.", " ", "****************************************************") "popcorn" <- structure(.Data = list("brand" = structure(.Data = c(1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2) , levels = c("jolllytime", "orville") , class = "factor" ) , "temp" = structure(.Data = c(1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2) , levels = c("cold", "hot") , class = "factor" ) , "quantity" = structure(.Data = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2) , levels = c("tbs1", "tbs3") , class = "factor" ) , "shake" = c("no", "no", "no", "no", "no", "no", "no", "no", "yes", "yes", "yes", "yes", "yes", "yes", "yes", "yes") , "volume" = c(1900., 2350., 1150., 900., 2500., 3250., 2450., 3000., 1650., 3500., 900., 3150., 3050., 4000., 3450., 4150.) ) , names = c("brand", "temp", "quantity", "shake", "volume") , row.names = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16") , class = "data.frame" ) "popcorn.n" <- structure(.Data = list("brand" = c(0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1.) , "temp" = c(0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 1.) , "quantity" = c(1., 1., 1., 1., 3., 3., 3., 3., 1., 1., 1., 1., 3., 3., 3., 3.) , "shake" = c(0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.) , "volume" = c(1900., 2350., 1150., 900., 2500., 3250., 2450., 3000., 1650., 3500., 900., 3150., 3050., 4000., 3450., 4150.) ) , names = c("brand", "temp", "quantity", "shake", "volume") , row.names = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16") , class = "data.frame" ) "precip" <- structure(.Data = list("feb" = named("48" = 3.7400000000000002 , "49" = 3.1099999999999999 , "50" = 1.5700000000000001 , "51" = 1.8600000000000001 , "52" = 3.8500000000000001 , "53" = 3.6800000000000002 , "54" = 1.7 , "55" = 3.9300000000000002 , "56" = 4.7000000000000002 , "57" = 4.4000000000000004 , "58" = 3.2400000000000002 , "59" = 3.3799999999999999 , "60" = 5.2599999999999998 , "61" = 5.75 , "62" = 2.7400000000000002 , "63" = 3.4500000000000002 , "64" = 4.1100000000000003 , "65" = 2.3999999999999999 , "66" = 4.7599999999999998 , "67" = 3.7999999999999998 , "68" = 1. , "69" = 3.6000000000000001 , "70" = 3.4700000000000002 , "71" = 3.8500000000000001 , "72" = 4.1299999999999999 , "73" = 5.5 , "74" = 2.8700000000000001 , "75" = 2.8500000000000001 , "76" = 1.54 , "77" = 2.1299999999999999 , "78" = 1.4299999999999999 , "79" = 5.5499999999999998 , "80" = 1.9099999999999999 , "81" = 3.02 , "82" = 4.9699999999999998 , "83" = 6. , "84" = 5.6500000000000004 , "85" = 4.4400000000000004 , "86" = 1.6499999999999999 , "87" = 5.5199999999999996 , "88" = 2.4199999999999999 , "89" = 6.4199999999999999 , "90" = 3.8199999999999998 , "91" = 0.68999999999999995 , "92" = 2.23 ) , "mar" = named("48" = 3.8900000000000001 , "49" = 1.48 , "50" = 2.6699999999999999 , "51" = 2.4700000000000002 , "52" = 5.6600000000000001 , "53" = 4.4299999999999997 , "54" = 4.4900000000000002 , "55" = 1.5600000000000001 , "56" = 3.3700000000000001 , "57" = 2.25 , "58" = 2.5499999999999998 , "59" = 3.2200000000000002 , "60" = 4.9400000000000004 , "61" = 4.3700000000000001 , "62" = 4.8499999999999996 , "63" = 3.7999999999999998 , "64" = 2.9300000000000002 , "65" = 4.0800000000000001 , "66" = 1.8100000000000001 , "67" = 1.6200000000000001 , "68" = 2.2200000000000002 , "69" = 3.9500000000000002 , "70" = 4.04 , "71" = 3.6899999999999999 , "72" = 2.5 , "73" = 4.0599999999999996 , "74" = 3.3399999999999999 , "75" = 6.2599999999999998 , "76" = 3.1699999999999999 , "77" = 5.6299999999999999 , "78" = 4.4000000000000004 , "79" = 2.6899999999999999 , "80" = 5.8700000000000001 , "81" = 2.3500000000000001 , "82" = 3.02 , "83" = 7.7800000000000002 , "84" = 5.4000000000000004 , "85" = 1.03 , "86" = 3.0600000000000001 , "87" = 2.8799999999999999 , "88" = 1.76 , "89" = 5.4000000000000004 , "90" = 5.0199999999999996 , "91" = 4.5899999999999999 , "92" = 2.9500000000000002 ) , "jun" = named("48" = 1.9199999999999999 , "49" = 2.7999999999999998 , "50" = 5.6200000000000001 , "51" = 3.4300000000000002 , "52" = 1.8999999999999999 , "53" = 3.9900000000000002 , "54" = 1.1200000000000001 , "55" = 2.1299999999999999 , "56" = 4.4299999999999997 , "57" = 6.0300000000000002 , "58" = 4.4000000000000004 , "59" = 2.5899999999999999 , "60" = 2.5299999999999998 , "61" = 4.0499999999999998 , "62" = 6.3700000000000001 , "63" = 1.72 , "64" = 3.4100000000000001 , "65" = 8.3200000000000003 , "66" = 3.6800000000000002 , "67" = 4.5700000000000003 , "68" = 1.74 , "69" = 4.8099999999999996 , "70" = 0.87 , "71" = 2.79 , "72" = 4.1600000000000001 , "73" = 9.3800000000000008 , "74" = 4.0199999999999996 , "75" = 1.6599999999999999 , "76" = 2.5499999999999998 , "77" = 0.83999999999999997 , "78" = 4.0599999999999996 , "79" = 3.27 , "80" = 4.8899999999999997 , "81" = 0.55000000000000004 , "82" = 8.3900000000000006 , "83" = 3.0899999999999999 , "84" = 3.0800000000000001 , "85" = 2.8700000000000001 , "86" = 1.9199999999999999 , "87" = 2.1099999999999999 , "88" = 2.8799999999999999 , "89" = 7.2999999999999998 , "90" = 1.03 , "91" = 2.0499999999999998 , "92" = 5.1200000000000001 ) , "aug" = named("48" = 5.4400000000000004 , "49" = 8.8699999999999992 , "50" = 0.81000000000000005 , "51" = 4.0300000000000002 , "52" = 9.7599999999999998 , "53" = 2.7000000000000002 , "54" = 5.0599999999999996 , "55" = 10.49 , "56" = 1.3100000000000001 , "57" = 4.8499999999999996 , "58" = 6.2300000000000004 , "59" = 5.9199999999999999 , "60" = 5.4299999999999997 , "61" = 6.5199999999999996 , "62" = 1.98 , "63" = 2.1000000000000001 , "64" = 5.6799999999999997 , "65" = 3. , "66" = 5.79 , "67" = 6.2199999999999998 , "68" = 2.5 , "69" = 6.3099999999999996 , "70" = 4.4699999999999998 , "71" = 6.2599999999999998 , "72" = 4.1699999999999999 , "73" = 4.5999999999999996 , "74" = 4.8200000000000003 , "75" = 2.1099999999999999 , "76" = 1.52 , "77" = 4.1200000000000001 , "78" = 1.8600000000000001 , "79" = 1.6599999999999999 , "80" = 1.8700000000000001 , "81" = 5.3399999999999999 , "82" = 1.8300000000000001 , "83" = 1.8100000000000001 , "84" = 1.1299999999999999 , "85" = 3.73 , "86" = 12.18 , "87" = 5.7999999999999998 , "88" = 3.3999999999999999 , "89" = 5.0800000000000001 , "90" = 2.6499999999999999 , "91" = 1.8700000000000001 , "92" = 7.6299999999999999 ) ) , names = c("feb", "mar", "jun", "aug") , row.names = c("48", "49", "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69", "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "90", "91", "92") , class = "data.frame" ) "precip.aug" <- named("48" = 5.4400000000000004 , "49" = 8.8699999999999992 , "50" = 0.81000000000000005 , "51" = 4.0300000000000002 , "52" = 9.7599999999999998 , "53" = 2.7000000000000002 , "54" = 5.0599999999999996 , "55" = 10.49 , "56" = 1.3100000000000001 , "57" = 4.8499999999999996 , "58" = 6.2300000000000004 , "59" = 5.9199999999999999 , "60" = 5.4299999999999997 , "61" = 6.5199999999999996 , "62" = 1.98 , "63" = 2.1000000000000001 , "64" = 5.6799999999999997 , "65" = 3. , "66" = 5.79 , "67" = 6.2199999999999998 , "68" = 2.5 , "69" = 6.3099999999999996 , "70" = 4.4699999999999998 , "71" = 6.2599999999999998 , "72" = 4.1699999999999999 , "73" = 4.5999999999999996 , "74" = 4.8200000000000003 , "75" = 2.1099999999999999 , "76" = 1.52 , "77" = 4.1200000000000001 , "78" = 1.8600000000000001 , "79" = 1.6599999999999999 , "80" = 1.8700000000000001 , "81" = 5.3399999999999999 , "82" = 1.8300000000000001 , "83" = 1.8100000000000001 , "84" = 1.1299999999999999 , "85" = 3.73 , "86" = 12.18 , "87" = 5.7999999999999998 , "88" = 3.3999999999999999 , "89" = 5.0800000000000001 , "90" = 2.6499999999999999 , "91" = 1.8700000000000001 , "92" = 7.6299999999999999 ) "precip.feb" <- named("48" = 3.7400000000000002 , "49" = 3.1099999999999999 , "50" = 1.5700000000000001 , "51" = 1.8600000000000001 , "52" = 3.8500000000000001 , "53" = 3.6800000000000002 , "54" = 1.7 , "55" = 3.9300000000000002 , "56" = 4.7000000000000002 , "57" = 4.4000000000000004 , "58" = 3.2400000000000002 , "59" = 3.3799999999999999 , "60" = 5.2599999999999998 , "61" = 5.75 , "62" = 2.7400000000000002 , "63" = 3.4500000000000002 , "64" = 4.1100000000000003 , "65" = 2.3999999999999999 , "66" = 4.7599999999999998 , "67" = 3.7999999999999998 , "68" = 1. , "69" = 3.6000000000000001 , "70" = 3.4700000000000002 , "71" = 3.8500000000000001 , "72" = 4.1299999999999999 , "73" = 5.5 , "74" = 2.8700000000000001 , "75" = 2.8500000000000001 , "76" = 1.54 , "77" = 2.1299999999999999 , "78" = 1.4299999999999999 , "79" = 5.5499999999999998 , "80" = 1.9099999999999999 , "81" = 3.02 , "82" = 4.9699999999999998 , "83" = 6. , "84" = 5.6500000000000004 , "85" = 4.4400000000000004 , "86" = 1.6499999999999999 , "87" = 5.5199999999999996 , "88" = 2.4199999999999999 , "89" = 6.4199999999999999 , "90" = 3.8199999999999998 , "91" = 0.68999999999999995 , "92" = 2.23 ) "precip.jan" <- structure(.Data = list("year" = c(1933., 1934., 1935., 1936., 1937., 1938., 1939., 1940., 1941., 1942., 1943., 1944., 1945., 1946., 1947., 1948., 1949., 1950., 1951., 1952., 1953., 1954., 1955., 1956., 1957., 1958., 1959., 1960., 1961., 1962., 1963., 1964., 1965., 1966., 1967., 1968., 1969., 1970., 1971., 1972., 1973., 1974., 1975., 1976., 1977., 1978., 1979., 1980., 1981., 1982.) , "precip" = c(0.44, 1.1799999999999999, 2.6899999999999999, 2.0800000000000001, 3.6600000000000001, 1.72, 2.8199999999999998, 0.71999999999999997, 1.46, 1.3, 1.3500000000000001, 0.54000000000000004, 2.7400000000000002, 1.1299999999999999, 2.5, 1.72, 2.27, 2.8199999999999998, 1.98, 2.4399999999999999, 2.5299999999999998, 2., 1.1200000000000001, 2.1299999999999999, 1.3600000000000001, 4.9000000000000004, 2.9399999999999999, 1.75, 1.6899999999999999, 1.8799999999999999, 1.3100000000000001, 1.76, 2.1699999999999999, 2.3799999999999999, 1.1599999999999999, 1.3899999999999999, 1.3600000000000001, 1.03, 1.1100000000000001, 1.3500000000000001, 1.4399999999999999, 1.8400000000000001, 1.6899999999999999, 3., 1.3600000000000001, 6.3700000000000001, 4.5499999999999998, 0.52000000000000002, 0.87, 1.51) ) , names = c("year", "precip") , row.names = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50") , class = "data.frame" ) "precip.jun" <- named("48" = 1.9199999999999999 , "49" = 2.7999999999999998 , "50" = 5.6200000000000001 , "51" = 3.4300000000000002 , "52" = 1.8999999999999999 , "53" = 3.9900000000000002 , "54" = 1.1200000000000001 , "55" = 2.1299999999999999 , "56" = 4.4299999999999997 , "57" = 6.0300000000000002 , "58" = 4.4000000000000004 , "59" = 2.5899999999999999 , "60" = 2.5299999999999998 , "61" = 4.0499999999999998 , "62" = 6.3700000000000001 , "63" = 1.72 , "64" = 3.4100000000000001 , "65" = 8.3200000000000003 , "66" = 3.6800000000000002 , "67" = 4.5700000000000003 , "68" = 1.74 , "69" = 4.8099999999999996 , "70" = 0.87 , "71" = 2.79 , "72" = 4.1600000000000001 , "73" = 9.3800000000000008 , "74" = 4.0199999999999996 , "75" = 1.6599999999999999 , "76" = 2.5499999999999998 , "77" = 0.83999999999999997 , "78" = 4.0599999999999996 , "79" = 3.27 , "80" = 4.8899999999999997 , "81" = 0.55000000000000004 , "82" = 8.3900000000000006 , "83" = 3.0899999999999999 , "84" = 3.0800000000000001 , "85" = 2.8700000000000001 , "86" = 1.9199999999999999 , "87" = 2.1099999999999999 , "88" = 2.8799999999999999 , "89" = 7.2999999999999998 , "90" = 1.03 , "91" = 2.0499999999999998 , "92" = 5.1200000000000001 ) "precip.mar" <- named("48" = 3.8900000000000001 , "49" = 1.48 , "50" = 2.6699999999999999 , "51" = 2.4700000000000002 , "52" = 5.6600000000000001 , "53" = 4.4299999999999997 , "54" = 4.4900000000000002 , "55" = 1.5600000000000001 , "56" = 3.3700000000000001 , "57" = 2.25 , "58" = 2.5499999999999998 , "59" = 3.2200000000000002 , "60" = 4.9400000000000004 , "61" = 4.3700000000000001 , "62" = 4.8499999999999996 , "63" = 3.7999999999999998 , "64" = 2.9300000000000002 , "65" = 4.0800000000000001 , "66" = 1.8100000000000001 , "67" = 1.6200000000000001 , "68" = 2.2200000000000002 , "69" = 3.9500000000000002 , "70" = 4.04 , "71" = 3.6899999999999999 , "72" = 2.5 , "73" = 4.0599999999999996 , "74" = 3.3399999999999999 , "75" = 6.2599999999999998 , "76" = 3.1699999999999999 , "77" = 5.6299999999999999 , "78" = 4.4000000000000004 , "79" = 2.6899999999999999 , "80" = 5.8700000000000001 , "81" = 2.3500000000000001 , "82" = 3.02 , "83" = 7.7800000000000002 , "84" = 5.4000000000000004 , "85" = 1.03 , "86" = 3.0600000000000001 , "87" = 2.8799999999999999 , "88" = 1.76 , "89" = 5.4000000000000004 , "90" = 5.0199999999999996 , "91" = 4.5899999999999999 , "92" = 2.9500000000000002 ) "precip.may" <- named("48" = 4.6299999999999999 , "49" = 4.1799999999999997 , "50" = 6.6900000000000004 , "51" = 1.77 , "52" = 3.6600000000000001 , "53" = 1.3700000000000001 , "54" = 3.6499999999999999 , "55" = 1.95 , "56" = 1.8799999999999999 , "57" = 5.8600000000000003 , "58" = 6.4500000000000002 , "59" = 2.5299999999999998 , "60" = 5.0700000000000003 , "61" = 2.9399999999999999 , "62" = 1.3700000000000001 , "63" = 4.0499999999999998 , "64" = 0.92000000000000004 , "65" = 2.2000000000000002 , "66" = 4.9500000000000002 , "67" = 4.1500000000000004 , "68" = 3.8199999999999998 , "69" = 2.8500000000000001 , "70" = 3.3599999999999999 , "71" = 4.6799999999999997 , "72" = 5.3399999999999999 , "73" = 3.9900000000000002 , "74" = 7.6699999999999999 , "75" = 3.8399999999999999 , "76" = 4.7400000000000002 , "77" = 3.9399999999999999 , "78" = 4.2000000000000002 , "79" = 4.71 , "80" = 2.3300000000000001 , "81" = 4.2800000000000002 , "82" = 4.2000000000000002 , "83" = 5.8899999999999997 , "84" = 5.4299999999999997 , "85" = 3.9500000000000002 , "86" = 2.98 , "87" = 1.1899999999999999 , "88" = 2.8500000000000001 , "89" = 3.8799999999999999 , "90" = 6.9699999999999998 , "91" = 2.8900000000000001 , "92" = 2.6000000000000001 ) "punif.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dunif(x,min=5,max=20) evaluates uniform(5,20) density at x", "punif(x,min=5,max=20) evaluates uniform(5,20) dist. fn. at x", "qunif(px,min=5,max=20) evaluates uniform(5,20) quantile fn. at px", " For example, ", " > px <- c(.05,.5,.95) ", " > qunif(px,min=5,max=20) ", " [1] 5.75 12.50 19.25 ", " ", "runif(50,min=5,max=20) generates 50 independent uniform(5,20) r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************") "pweib.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dweib(x,alpha=2,beta=3) evaluates Weibull density at x", "pweib(x,alpha=2,beta=3) evaluates Weibull dist. fn. at x", "rweib(50,alpha=2,beta=3) generates 50 independent Weibull r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************") "qbinom.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dbinom(x,N=20,p=.7) evaluates binomial prob. function at x", "pbinom(x,N=20,p=.7) evaluates binomial dist. function at x", "qbinom(px,N=20,p=.7) evaluates binomial quantile function at px", " For example, ", " > px<-c(.05,.5,.95) ", " > qbinom(px,N=20,p=.7) ", " [1] 11 14 17 ", "rbinom(50,N=20,p=.7) generates 50 independent binomial r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************") "qexp.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dexp(x,beta=3) evaluates exponential density with mean=3 at x", "pexp(x,beta=3) evaluates exponential dist. fn. with mean=3 at x", "qexp(px,beta=3) evaluates exponential quantile fn. at px", " For example, ", " > px <- c(.05,.5,.95) ", " > qexp(px,beta=3) ", " [1] 0.1538799 2.0794415 8.9871968 ", " ", "rexp(50,beta=3) generates 50 independent exponential r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************") "qgam.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dgam(x,alpha=2,beta=3) evaluates gamma density at x", "pgam(x,alpha=2,beta=3) evaluates gamma dist. fn. at x", "qgam(px,alpha=2,beta=3) evaluates gamma quantile fn. at px", " For example, ", " > px <- c(.05,.5,.95) ", " > qgam(px,alpha=2,beta=3) ", " [1] 1.066085 5.035041 14.231594", " ", "rgam(50,alpha=2,beta=3) generates 50 independent gamma r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************") "qnorm.ex" <- c(" ", "****************************************************", "dnorm(x,mean=4,sd=6) evaluates normal density at x", "pnorm(x,mean=4,sd=6) evaluates normal dist. fn. at x", "qnorm(px,mean=4,sd=6) evaluates normal quantile fn. at px", " For example, ", " > px <- c(.05,.5,.95) ", " > qnorm(px,mean=4,sd=6) ", " [1] -5.869122 4.000000 13.869122", " ", "rnorm(50,mean=4,sd=6) generates 50 independent normal r.v.'s", " ", "****************************************************")