The Greenland ice sheet, from the LGM to the future

The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) plays an important role in the Earth system, not only as a major contributor to global sea-level rise, but also through its influence on ocean circulation, regional climate, and potential feedbacks within the climate system. As a remnant of the last glacial period, it remains highly vulnerable to ongoing anthropogenic warming. In this talk, I will present our work on reconstructing the GrIS evolution from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) until today, along with the challenges that remain. I will also show potential future trajectories of the GrIS under a range of global warming scenarios on long (millennial) timescales, obtained from a fully coupled fast Earth system model. I will discuss the implications for committed sea-level rise, the potential for irreversible ice loss, and the ice sheet's broader role within the Earth system.