OpenSky Publications

CGD OpenSky Publications

There are 5583 publications affiliated with CGD.

Select a year, sub-unit, genre, and/or author name to view peer-reviewed publications involving authors from CGD. You can browse the full list of publications and search for specific ones in OpenSky, the open-access repository of scholarly works developed and managed by NSF NCAR Library.

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Publications (Showing 100 of 5583 total )

A regional assessment of the operational National Water Model in the San Francisco Bay area for the 2018–2019 water year

Kim, J., Cho, E., Chandrasekar, V., Cifelli, R., Johnson, L., et al. (2025). A regional assessment of the operational National Water Model in the San Francisco Bay area for the 2018–2019 water year. Journal of Hydrology, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133362

This study presents a preliminary assessment of the National Water Model (NWM) operational short-range streamflow forecasts in the San Francisco Bay area, California. Hourly streamflow forecasts with lead times up to 18 h were assessed usin...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

Publication Genre: Article

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2025 U.S. CLIVAR Summit Report

Leung, L. R., Simpson, I. R., Gille, S., Amrhein, D., Messié, M., et al. (2025). 2025 U.S. CLIVAR Summit Report. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/g1bj-hk45

Bringing together members of the scientific steering committee and its three implementation panels, agency managers, and invited speakers to review progress, identify opportunities, and develop strategies to advance US CLIVAR goals.

CGD Affiliations: CAS, OS, CGDAO, ESP

Publication Genre: Workshop Report

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Investigating the effects of a subtropical stratocumulus cloud breakup in warm climates using cloud-locking experiments

Salazar, A., Medeiros, B., Zhu, J., Tziperman, E.. (2025). Investigating the effects of a subtropical stratocumulus cloud breakup in warm climates using cloud-locking experiments. Journal of Climate, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0371.1

In the warm, equable climate of the Eocene, constraints on CO 2 levels and low-latitude temperatures have generally precluded climate models from recreating key features of the climate, especially the above-freezing winter temperatures in ...

CGD Affiliations: CAS, PPC

Publication Genre: Article

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The unstable East Asian Summer Monsoon - ENSO relationship over the past 700 years

Luo, J., Hu, J., Zhu, F., Liang, R., Zhou, Z.. (2025). The unstable East Asian Summer Monsoon - ENSO relationship over the past 700 years. Global and Planetary Change, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104842

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important modulator of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), but their teleconnection has been unstable during the instrumental era. Due to the short duration of instrumental records, we utilize...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

Publication Genre: Article

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Proceedings of the 2025 Improving Scientific Software Conference

Fitzgerald, K., Sobhani, N., Vanderwende, B., Arabas, S., Bai, Z., et al. (2025). Proceedings of the 2025 Improving Scientific Software Conference. NCAR Technical Notes, doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/4w2k-ay60

The Software Engineering Assembly (SEA) is a loosely structured group of software engineers and scientists who write scientific software, mostly but not only at NCAR and mostly but not only in the field of atmospheric sciences. The mission ...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

Publication Genre: Technical Report

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Human emissions drive recent trends in North Pacific climate variations

Klavans, J., DiNezio, P. N., Clement, A. C., Deser, C., Shanahan, T. M., et al. (2025). Human emissions drive recent trends in North Pacific climate variations. Nature, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09368-2

CGD Affiliations: CAS

Publication Genre: Article

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Investigating the state dependence of cloud feedback using a suite of perturbed parameter ensembles

Zhu, J., Otto-Bliesner, B., Brady, E. C., Eidhammer, T., Gettelman, A., et al. (2025). Investigating the state dependence of cloud feedback using a suite of perturbed parameter ensembles. Journal of Climate, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0686.1

The state dependence of cloud feedback—its variation with the mean state climate—has been found in many paleoclimate and contemporary climate simulations. Previous results have shown inconsistencies in the sign, magnitude, and underlying m...

CGD Affiliations: PPC, CGDAO, CAS

Publication Genre: Article

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Decomposing cloud radiative feedbacks by cloud-top phase

Wall, C., Paynter, D., Qin, Y., Debolskiy, M., Duffy, M., et al. (2025). Decomposing cloud radiative feedbacks by cloud-top phase. Journal of Climate, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0538.1

Changes in cloud scattering properties and emissivity that arise from atmospheric warming cause substantial radiative feedbacks in model projections of anthropogenic climate change, and the relative importance of the underlying mechanisms ...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

Publication Genre: Article

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Why idealized models are more important than ever in Earth system science

Reed, K. A., Medeiros, B., Jablonowski, C., Simpson, I. R., Voigt, A., et al. (2025). Why idealized models are more important than ever in Earth system science. AGU Advances, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025AV001716

Simulating the Earth system is crucial for studying Earth's climate and how it changes. Modeling approaches that simplify the Earth system while retaining key characteristics are important tools to advance understanding. The simplicity and ...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

Publication Genre: Article

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Atmospheric and oceanic energy transport during North Atlantic freshening events: Influences of moisture transport and hydrologic cycle feedbacks

Baek, S. H., Lora, J. M., Skinner, C. B., Fu, M., Zhu, J.. (2025). Atmospheric and oceanic energy transport during North Atlantic freshening events: Influences of moisture transport and hydrologic cycle feedbacks. Climate Dynamics, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07761-1

Analogs of present-day rapid ice melt can be found in episodic discharges of icebergs that occurred during glacial periods called Heinrich events. This introduces excess meltwater into the North Atlantic and weakens the Atlantic thermohalin...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

Publication Genre: Article

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Subtropical marine cloud brightening suppresses the El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Xing, C., Stevenson, S., Fasullo, J. T., Harrison, C. S., Chen, C., et al. (2025). Subtropical marine cloud brightening suppresses the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Earth's Future, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF006522

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) and marine cloud brightening (MCB) are two proposed methods of compensating for greenhouse gas‐induced warming by reflecting incoming solar radiation. However, their effects on the El Niño–Southern Osci...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

Publication Genre: Article

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Identifying Model Biases in the Arctic Boundary Layer: Insights From Comparing the Community Atmosphere Model to the MOSAiC Field Campaign

Jacobs, A., Bacmeister, J., Bitz, C., Roy, P.. (2025). Identifying Model Biases in the Arctic Boundary Layer: Insights From Comparing the Community Atmosphere Model to the MOSAiC Field Campaign. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/t3sk-6v46

The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the globe and this trend is expected to continue going forward. Therefore, it is imperative to study the weather patterns of the Arctic. One important component of the Arctic system is the Arcti...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

Publication Genre: Manuscript

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Controls on Western U.S. Interior Water Cycling Over the Holocene: Investigating Water Isotope Trends in iCESM and Ferricrete Proxy Data

Nigro, E., Macarewich, S., Zhu, J., Chamberlain, P.. (2025). Controls on Western U.S. Interior Water Cycling Over the Holocene: Investigating Water Isotope Trends in iCESM and Ferricrete Proxy Data. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/vgvh-s059

Understanding regional water cycle trends is crucial for water resources management in the drought-prone western U.S., but predicting future precipitation changes remains a challenge. The Holocene (~11.7 ka to present) provides a case study...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

Publication Genre: Manuscript

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Sensitivity Tests of the P3 Microphysical Scheme: Modifying Ice Fall Speeds in CM1

Dengate, J., Takeishi, A., Rosky, E.. (2025). Sensitivity Tests of the P3 Microphysical Scheme: Modifying Ice Fall Speeds in CM1. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/fppm-1g21

Microphysical schemes within atmospheric models quantify the properties and dynamics of cloud systems, and the parametrization of these schemes heavily affect the output of these models. The Predicted Particle Properties (P3) scheme is a re...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

Publication Genre: Manuscript

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Effects of Yukon River Floods on Community Subsistence

Martinez, J., Black, K., DuVivier, A. K.. (2025). Effects of Yukon River Floods on Community Subsistence. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/r4gn-vc48

In May of 2009, an ice jam caused a flood in central Alaska. Local member interviews from Project Jukebox noted how the flood rapidly changed the landscapes of Tanana and Fort Yukon. Moose and fish populations had decreased over time, and m...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

Publication Genre: Manuscript

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The Effect of Upper Ocean Freshwater on the Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Lee

Laws, K., Gonzalez, A., Yu, L., Chen, Y., Neale, R.. (2025). The Effect of Upper Ocean Freshwater on the Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Lee. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/q16v-6x64

Accurate predictions for tropical cyclones (TCs) are crucial for mitigating their negative impacts. This is especially true when storms undergo rapid intensification (RI) over the open ocean, where the upper layers can become stably stratif...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

Publication Genre: Manuscript

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Do Models Mis-Represent Evaporative Regimes in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions?

Zhu, L., Simpson, I. R.. (2025). Do Models Mis-Represent Evaporative Regimes in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions?. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/kmpe-rw70

Observed atmospheric humidity trends since 1980 disagree with global climate models in arid and semi-arid regions of the world (Simpson et al., 2024). Specifically, model simulations depict an increase in humidity, which has not been observ...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

Publication Genre: Manuscript

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Impact of Central and Eastern Atlantic Niño on SST and precipitation patterns in reanalysis and Earth System Models

Cruz-Perez, A., Li, H.. (2025). Impact of Central and Eastern Atlantic Niño on SST and precipitation patterns in reanalysis and Earth System Models. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/4ebw-0v18

Differentiating between the two recently identified types of Atlantic Niño (AN) – Central (CAN) and Eastern (EAN) Atlantic Niño – which have distinct patterns and impact on the tropics, is essential to understand the sources of biases in Ea...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

Publication Genre: Manuscript

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Contributions to the Accumulation of Microplastics in the Arctic Ocean: a Regional Analysis of the Barents Sea

Khandwala, I., Bailey, D. A., Li, L., Jahn, A.. (2025). Contributions to the Accumulation of Microplastics in the Arctic Ocean: a Regional Analysis of the Barents Sea. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/bz5t-0z33

The Arctic Ocean may be acting as a significant accumulation region for microplastics (MPs), those measuring less than 5 mm in diameter. Previous studies have found that the concentration of MPs in Arctic sea ice is significantly higher tha...

CGD Affiliations: PPC, CGDVISITORS

Publication Genre: Manuscript

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One‐at‐a‐time parameter perturbation ensemble of the Community Land Model, version 5.1

Kennedy, D., Dagon, K., Lawrence, D. M., Fisher, R. A., Sanderson, B. M., et al. (2025). One‐at‐a‐time parameter perturbation ensemble of the Community Land Model, version 5.1. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004715

Comprehensive land models are subject to significant parametric uncertainty, which can be hard to quantify due to the large number of parameters and high model computational costs. We constructed a large parameter perturbation ensemble (PPE...

CGD Affiliations: CAS, ESP, TSS, AMP

Publication Genre: Article

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Seasonality of Pacific Decadal Oscillation prediction skill

Meeker, E. D., Maroon, E. A., Deppenmeier, A., Thompson, L., Vimont, D. J., et al. (2025). Seasonality of Pacific Decadal Oscillation prediction skill. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116122

We investigate coupled climate model initialized predictions of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) prediction skill in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Seasonal to Multi Year Large Ensemble (SMYLE). The PDO is predictable up to a ...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

Publication Genre: Article

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The Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP v2.0) contribution to CMIP7

Gillett, N. P., Simpson, I. R., Hegerl, G., Knutti, R., Mitchell, D., et al. (2025). The Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP v2.0) contribution to CMIP7. Geoscientific Model Development, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4399-2025

The first version of the Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP v1.0) coordinated key simulations exploring the role of individual forcings in past, current and future climate as part of the Coupled Model Intercompar...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

Publication Genre: Article

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Theoretical estimates of light transmittance at the MOSAiC Central Observatory

Perovich, D., Light, B., Smith, M. M., Webster, M., Holland, M. M., et al. (2025). Theoretical estimates of light transmittance at the MOSAiC Central Observatory. Elem Sci Anth, doi:https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2024.00076

Light transmission through a sea ice cover has strong implications for the heat content of the upper ocean, the magnitude of bottom and lateral ice melt, and primary productivity in the ocean. Light transmittance in the vicinity of the Mult...

CGD Affiliations: PPC, CGDAO

Publication Genre: Article

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Characterization of the mean and extreme Mediterranean cyclones and their variability during the period 1500 BCE to 1850 CE

Doensen, O., Messmer, M., Kim, W. M., Raible, C. C.. (2025). Characterization of the mean and extreme Mediterranean cyclones and their variability during the period 1500 BCE to 1850 CE. Climate of the Past, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1305-2025

Extratropical cyclones are important meteorological phenomena in the Mediterranean and are essential for local water supplies, yet they also pose significant hazards for the region as a result of extreme precipitation or wind events. Althou...

CGD Affiliations: CGDVISITORS

Publication Genre: Article

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Emulating grid-based forest carbon dynamics using machine learning: An LPJ-GUESS v4.1.1 application

Natel, C., Belda, D. M., Anthoni, P., Haß, N., Rabin, S., et al. (2025). Emulating grid-based forest carbon dynamics using machine learning: An LPJ-GUESS v4.1.1 application. Geoscientific Model Development, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4317-2025

The assessment of forest-based climate change mitigation strategies relies on computationally intensive scenario analyses, particularly when dynamic vegetation models are coupled with socioeconomic models in multi-model frameworks. In this ...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

Publication Genre: Article

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CLUBB reduces low‐cloud dependency on shallow convective mixing in the community atmosphere model: Insight from stable water isotopes

Frazer, M., Bailey, A., Nusbaumer, J., Hu, J., Niezgoda, K., et al. (2025). CLUBB reduces low‐cloud dependency on shallow convective mixing in the community atmosphere model: Insight from stable water isotopes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042053

Modeling experiments and field campaigns have evaluated shallow convective mixing as a potential constraint on the low‐cloud climate feedback, which is critical for establishing climate sensitivity. Yet the apparent relationship between lo...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

Publication Genre: Article

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Aerosol-cloud interactions in cirrus clouds based on global-scale airborne observations and machine learning models

Ngo, D., Diao, M., Patnaude, R. J., Woods, S., Diskin, G.. (2025). Aerosol-cloud interactions in cirrus clouds based on global-scale airborne observations and machine learning models. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7007-2025

Cirrus cloud formation and evolution are subject to the influences of thermodynamic and dynamic conditions and aerosols. This study developed near global-scale in situ aircraft observational datasets based on 12 field campaigns that spanned...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

Publication Genre: Article

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Fine root and soil carbon stocks are positively related in grasslands but not in forests

Malhotra, A., Moore, J. A. M., Weintraub-Leff, S., Georgiou, K., Berhe, A. A., et al. (2025). Fine root and soil carbon stocks are positively related in grasslands but not in forests. Communications Earth & Environment, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02486-9

Increasing fine root carbon (FRC) inputs into soils has been proposed as a solution to increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). However, FRC inputs can also enhance SOC loss through priming. Here, we tested the broad-scale relationships betwe...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

Publication Genre: Article

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Early and widespread emergence of regional warming is robust to observational and model uncertainty

Shaw, J., Lenssen, N.. (2025). Early and widespread emergence of regional warming is robust to observational and model uncertainty. Environmental Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ade458

The ability to distinguish observed climate change from naturally arising climate variability is one of the most fundamental findings in climate science. Climate change emergence is a key statistic used to quantify the impact of human activ...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

Publication Genre: Article

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Mid-Pliocene climate forcing, sea surface temperature patterns, and implications for modern-day climate sensitivity

Dvorak, M., Armour, K. C., Feng, R., Cooper, V. T., Zhu, J., et al. (2025). Mid-Pliocene climate forcing, sea surface temperature patterns, and implications for modern-day climate sensitivity. Journal of Climate, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0410.1

Characterized by similar-to-today CO 2 levels (∼400 ppm) and surface temperatures approximately 3°–4°C warmer than the preindustrial, the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP) has often been used as an analog for modern CO 2 -driven climate chan...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

Publication Genre: Article

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Local and remote moisture sources both increase late twenty-first century Arctic precipitation

Leister, S. D., Kay, J. E., Hannay, C. E.. (2025). Local and remote moisture sources both increase late twenty-first century Arctic precipitation. Journal of Climate, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0359.1

Arctic precipitation increases in a warmer world as more moisture is available to condense. These increases in precipitation and moisture result from both local surface evaporation and remote transport. Despite ongoing efforts, the relative...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

Publication Genre: Article

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North Pacific ocean-atmosphere responses to Holocene and future warming drive Southwest US drought

Todd, V. L., Shanahan, T. M., DiNezio, P. N., Klavans, J., Fawcett, P., et al. (2025). North Pacific ocean-atmosphere responses to Holocene and future warming drive Southwest US drought. Nature Geoscience, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01726-z

The Southwest United States is experiencing severe and persistent drought, although uncertainties regarding the causes limit our ability to predict changes in water availability. The severity of the current drought has been attributed to a ...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

Publication Genre: Article

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The imprint of Southern Ocean storms on modeled surface chlorophyll, their drivers and satellite biases

Nissen, C., Clow, G. L., Lovenduski, N. S., Turner, K. E., Carranza, M. M., et al. (2025). The imprint of Southern Ocean storms on modeled surface chlorophyll, their drivers and satellite biases. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GB008550

Southern Ocean (SO) phytoplankton chlorophyll is highly variable on sub‐seasonal time scales. Although the SO is the windiest ocean basin globally, it is not conclusively understood how storms impact SO phytoplankton dynamics. Much of our e...

CGD Affiliations: OS

Publication Genre: Article

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A weakened AMOC could cause Southern Ocean temperature and sea‐ice change on multidecadal timescales

Diamond, R., Sime, L. C., Schroeder, D., Jackson, L. C., Holland, P. R., et al. (2025). A weakened AMOC could cause Southern Ocean temperature and sea‐ice change on multidecadal timescales. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022027

We present the first CMIP6‐era multi‐model intercomparison of the Southern Ocean (SO) temperature and sea‐ice response to substantial Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) weakening. Results are based on analysis of the North ...

CGD Affiliations: OS, ESP

Publication Genre: Article

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On using AI‐based large‐sample emulators for land/hydrology model calibration and regionalization

Tang, G., Wood, A., Swenson, S.. (2025). On using AI‐based large‐sample emulators for land/hydrology model calibration and regionalization. Water Resources Research, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR039525

AI‐based model emulators have emerged as a pragmatic strategy for calibrating Earth System models or their components (e.g., land, atmosphere, ocean), circumventing the previously insurmountable hurdle of the process‐heavy models' computati...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

Publication Genre: Article

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Evaluating the role of internal climate variability and bias adjustment methods on decadal glacier projections

Weathers, M., Rounce, D. R., Fasullo, J. T., Maussion, F.. (2025). Evaluating the role of internal climate variability and bias adjustment methods on decadal glacier projections. Earth's Future, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005624

Glacier mass loss is one of the main contributors to sea‐level rise and poses challenges for future water resources. Refining glacier projections and sources of uncertainty thus supports climate adaptation and mitigation. Here we explicitl...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

Publication Genre: Article

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Integrating microbial community data into an ecosystem‐scale model to predict litter decomposition in the face of climate change

Rocci, K. S., Pierson, D., Jevon, F. V., Polussa, A., Oliverio, A. M., et al. (2025). Integrating microbial community data into an ecosystem‐scale model to predict litter decomposition in the face of climate change. Global Change Biology, doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70352

Litter decomposition is an important ecosystem process and global carbon flux that has been shown to be controlled by climate, litter quality, and microbial communities. Process‐based ecosystem models are used to predict responses of litter...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

Publication Genre: Article

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Recent southwestern US drought exacerbated by anthropogenic aerosols and tropical ocean warming

Kuo, Y., Lehner, F., Simpson, I. R., Deser, C., Phillips, A., et al. (2025). Recent southwestern US drought exacerbated by anthropogenic aerosols and tropical ocean warming. Nature Geoscience, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01728-x

The southwestern United States is currently in a multi-decade drought that has developed since a precipitation maximum in the 1980s. While anthropogenic warming has made the drought more severe, it is the decline in winter–spring precipitat...

CGD Affiliations: CGDAO, CAS, CCR

Publication Genre: Article

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Unraveling the complexity of Global Climate Dynamics: Interactions among El Niño–Southern Oscillation, meridional overturning circulation, and tropical basins across different timescales

Hu, A., Richter, I., Okumura, Y., Burls, N., Keenlyside, N., et al. (2025). Unraveling the complexity of Global Climate Dynamics: Interactions among El Niño–Southern Oscillation, meridional overturning circulation, and tropical basins across different timescales. Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research, doi:https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0096

Tropical basin interactions and the climatic linkages between mid-to-high latitudes and the tropics are active research areas. These interactions include the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the tropical Indian and Atlant...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

Publication Genre: Article

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Simulating marine ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical cycling with multiple plankton functional types

Yu, J., Krumhardt, K., Moore, J. K., Letscher, R. T., Wang, S., et al. (2025). Simulating marine ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical cycling with multiple plankton functional types. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004521

Current representations of marine ecosystems in Earth System Models are greatly simplified, neglecting key interactions between dynamic food webs, biogeochemistry, and climate change. We use the Marine Biogeochemistry Library code base wit...

CGD Affiliations: OS, CGDAO

Publication Genre: Article

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Earth, wind, and fire: Are Boulder’s extreme downslope winds changing?

Meehl, G. A., Shields, C. A., Myers, B., Larson, M., Durran, D., et al. (2025). Earth, wind, and fire: Are Boulder’s extreme downslope winds changing?. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0091.1

A Denver newspaper in 2016 reported that a new Colorado all-time record peak wind gust of 148 mph was recorded on 18 February 2016, on Monarch Pass in the Colorado Rockies near 11 000 ft above sea level. The article stated that this broke ...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

Publication Genre: Article

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Factors controlling precipitation onset and maintenance: Inferences from large eddy simulations of two afternoon deep convective regimes over Amazon

Tian, Y., Zhang, Y.. (2025). Factors controlling precipitation onset and maintenance: Inferences from large eddy simulations of two afternoon deep convective regimes over Amazon. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113920

To investigate the environmental factors controlling the onset and maintenance of afternoon precipitation over tropical rainforests, two contrasting cases are created for large eddy simulations (LES) using GoAmazon observations: one feature...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

Publication Genre: Article

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Dynamic contributions to recent observed wintertime precipitation trends in Mediterranean‐type climate regions

Doane‐Solomon, R., Woollings, T., Simpson, I. R.. (2025). Dynamic contributions to recent observed wintertime precipitation trends in Mediterranean‐type climate regions. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114258

Many Mediterranean‐type climates (MCs) have experienced wintertime drying trends since 1979. Using a dynamical adjustment method, we separate the effects of circulation‐induced drying trends from other residual trends. Our analysis reveals ...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

Publication Genre: Article

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Exposing process‐level biases in a global cloud permitting model with ARM observations

Bogenschutz, P. A., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Tian, Y., Zhang, M., et al. (2025). Exposing process‐level biases in a global cloud permitting model with ARM observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043059

The emergence of global convective‐permitting models (GCPMs) represents a significant advancement in climate modeling, offering improved representation of deep convection and complex precipitation patterns. In this study, we evaluate the pe...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

Publication Genre: Article

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Impact of seasonality on climate outcomes for mid latitude marine cloud brightening

Emme, E., Chen, C., Horowitz, H. M.. (2025). Impact of seasonality on climate outcomes for mid latitude marine cloud brightening. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115359

Most previous studies on marine cloud brightening (MCB) have focused on deployment over the subtropical stratocumulus cloud decks which persistently result in non‐uniform cooling and disruption of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A ...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

Publication Genre: Article

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Impact of increasing greenhouse gases on the ionosphere and thermosphere response to a may 2024‐like geomagnetic superstorm

Pedatella, N. M., Liu, H., Liu, H., Herrington, A. R., McInerney, J.. (2025). Impact of increasing greenhouse gases on the ionosphere and thermosphere response to a may 2024‐like geomagnetic superstorm. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116445

The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCM‐X) is used to investigate how the ionosphere‐thermosphere response to a May 2024‐like geomagnetic storm changes w...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

Publication Genre: Article

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Role of elevation feedbacks and ice sheet-climate interactions on future Greenland ice sheet melt

Feenstra, T., Vizcaino, M., Wouters, B., Petrini, M., Sellevold, R., et al. (2025). Role of elevation feedbacks and ice sheet-climate interactions on future Greenland ice sheet melt. The Cryosphere, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2289-2025

The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) stores freshwater equal to more than 7 m of potential sea level rise (SLR) and strongly interacts with the Arctic, North Atlantic and global climate. Over the last few decades, the ice sheet has been losing ma...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

Publication Genre: Article

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Community Research Earth Digital Intelligence Twin: a scalable framework for AI-driven Earth System Modeling

Schreck, J. S., Sha, Y., Chapman, W., Kimpara, D., Berner, J., et al. (2025). Community Research Earth Digital Intelligence Twin: a scalable framework for AI-driven Earth System Modeling. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01125-6

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) numerical weather prediction (NWP) have transformed atmospheric modeling. AI NWP models outperform state-of-the-art conventional NWP models like the European Center for Medium Range Weathe...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

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Characteristics of ice nucleating particles from the long‐range transport of Saharan dust

Patnaude, R. J., McCluskey, C. S., Roberts, G. C., DeMott, P. J., Hill, T. C. J., et al. (2025). Characteristics of ice nucleating particles from the long‐range transport of Saharan dust. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113365

Transported mineral dust in a Saharan air layer (SAL) contains active ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) that may be transported across the Atlantic Ocean and subsequently seed clouds in the Caribbean and the Americas. During an aircraft campa...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

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Biogeochemical versus biogeophysical temperature effects of historical land-use change in CMIP6

Amali, A. A., Schwingshackl, C., Ito, A., Barbu, A., Delire, C., et al. (2025). Biogeochemical versus biogeophysical temperature effects of historical land-use change in CMIP6. Earth System Dynamics, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-803-2025

Anthropogenic land-use change (LUC) substantially impacts climate dynamics, primarily through modifications in the surface biogeophysical (BGP) and biogeochemical (BGC) fluxes, which alter the exchange of energy, water, and carbon with the ...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

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Strengthened influence of Atlantic Niño on ENSO in a warming climate

Zhang, L., Wang, C., Han, W., Karnauskas, K. B., McPhaden, M. J., et al. (2025). Strengthened influence of Atlantic Niño on ENSO in a warming climate. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01105-w

Atlantic Niño can influence ENSO by modulating the Pacific Walker circulation. This interbasin connection is dominated by central Atlantic Niño (CAN) events, which began to emerge around 2000. Our analysis of observational data and climate ...

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Technical note: How many models do we need to simulate hydrologic processes across large geographical domains?

Knoben, W. J. M., Raman, A., Gründemann, G. J., Kumar, M., Pietroniro, A., et al. (2025). Technical note: How many models do we need to simulate hydrologic processes across large geographical domains?. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2361-2025

Robust large-domain predictions of water availability and threats require models that work well across different basins in the model domain. It is currently common to express a model's accuracy through aggregated efficiency scores such as t...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

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Model seasonal and proxy spatial biases revealed by assimilated mid-Holocene seasonal temperatures

Hao, S., ZHANG, X., Duan, Y., Gowan, E. J., Zhu, J., et al. (2025). Model seasonal and proxy spatial biases revealed by assimilated mid-Holocene seasonal temperatures. Science Bulletin, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.039

Proxy-based reconstructions and climate model simulations of Holocene global annual mean temperatures exhibit divergent trends, leading to the well-known “Holocene temperature conundrum (HTC)”. This discrepancy is most pronounced in the mid...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

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The unprecedented late-summer 2023 heatwave in Southeastern South America: Attribution and future projection of similar events

Kim, W. M., Simpson, I. R., Terray, L., Collazo, S.. (2025). The unprecedented late-summer 2023 heatwave in Southeastern South America: Attribution and future projection of similar events. Weather and Climate Extremes, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2025.100772

In March 2023, southeastern South America (SESA) experienced a severe heatwave with its maximum intensity exceeding four standard deviations from the climatological mean. The timing of the occurrence was also unusual, as it occurred in the ...

CGD Affiliations: CGDVISITORS, CAS

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Strong 2023–2024 El Niño generated by ocean dynamics

Peng, Q., Xie, S., Miyamoto, A., Deser, C., Zhang, P., et al. (2025). Strong 2023–2024 El Niño generated by ocean dynamics. Nature Geoscience, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01700-9

Globally, 2023 was the hottest year on record and saw the development of a strong El Niño with widespread impacts. This El Niño event was unusual for its strong oceanic warming yet muted Southern Oscillation and wind anomalies over the trop...

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Numerical simulation of sound‐side barrier‐island inundation and breaching during Hurricane Dorian (2019)

Warner, J. C., Sherwood, C. R., Hegermiller, C. A., Defne, Z., Zambon, J., et al. (2025). Numerical simulation of sound‐side barrier‐island inundation and breaching during Hurricane Dorian (2019). Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008309

Hurricane‐induced morphological changes and associated community hazards along sandy, barrier‐island coastlines have been studied primarily from the perspective of ocean‐side attack by storm‐driven ocean surge and large waves. Thus, our und...

CGD Affiliations: OS

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Resilient and sustainable water resources management in the United States: The role of water‐use data and interagency knowledge exchange

Fewless, K., Wilhelmi, O., Tye, M.. (2025). Resilient and sustainable water resources management in the United States: The role of water‐use data and interagency knowledge exchange. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.70027

The United States SECURE Water Act states that a study of water use is critical for assessing impacts on water and ecological resources and forecasting whether or not available surface and groundwater supplies will meet future needs. The Un...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

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Toward improving representation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in climate models

Jackson, L. C., Chassignet, E. P., Danabasoglu, G., Treguier, A., Zhang, R.. (2025). Toward improving representation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in climate models. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0078.1

CGD Affiliations: OS

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Effects of solar radiation modification on precipitation extremes in Southeast Asia: Insights from the GeoMIP G6 experiments

Feng, Z., Tan, M. L., Juneng, L., Tye, M., Xia, L., et al. (2025). Effects of solar radiation modification on precipitation extremes in Southeast Asia: Insights from the GeoMIP G6 experiments. Advances in Climate Change Research, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.009

Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) has been proposed to reduce global temperatures by reflecting more solar radiation into space, but its effects on precipitation extremes across Southeast Asia remain uncertain. This study evaluates the imp...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

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Advances in permafrost representation: Biophysical processes in Earth System Models and the role of offline models

Matthes, H., Damseaux, A., Westermann, S., Beer, C., Boone, A., et al. (2025). Advances in permafrost representation: Biophysical processes in Earth System Models and the role of offline models. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2269

Permafrost is undergoing rapid changes due to climate warming, potentially exposing a vast reservoir of carbon to be released to the atmosphere, causing a positive feedback cycle. Despite the importance of this feedback, its specifics remai...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

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Record high temperatures in the ocean in 2024

Cheng, L., Abraham, J., Trenberth, K. E., Reagan, J., Zhang, H., et al. (2025). Record high temperatures in the ocean in 2024. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-025-4541-3

Heating in the ocean has continued in 2024 in response to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, despite the transition from an El Niño to neutral conditions. In 2024, both global sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ...

CGD Affiliations: CGDAO, CAS

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Flash drought timing and winter wheat productivity in the southern Great Plains of the United States

Fellman, B. J., Basara, J., Christian, J., Tye, M.. (2025). Flash drought timing and winter wheat productivity in the southern Great Plains of the United States. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-24-0144.1

Flash droughts are highly impactful, subseasonal to seasonal events that pose a severe risk to agricultural production. Within the United States, these rapidly intensifying droughts have the potential to cause tens of billions of dollars of...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

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Diagnosing regional sea level change over the altimeter era

Karnauskas, K. B., Nerem, R. S., Fasullo, J. T., Bellas‐Manley, A., Thompson, P., et al. (2025). Diagnosing regional sea level change over the altimeter era. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022100

Since 1993, satellite altimeters have been mapping sea level changes globally, revealing both the global mean rate and detailed patterns of regional variations. The global mean rate is well studied, closely linked to global energy and water...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

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Pan-Pacific low-frequency modes of sea level and climate variability

Little, C. M., Yeager, S., Fasullo, J. T., Karnauskas, K. B., Nerem, R. S., et al. (2025). Pan-Pacific low-frequency modes of sea level and climate variability. Science Advances, doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw3661

Tide gauges provide a long observational record that can inform the nature of satellite-era basin-scale sea level trends. However, common signals must be extracted from geographically sparse records. Here, by applying low-frequency componen...

CGD Affiliations: ESP, CAS

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Advances in paleoclimate data assimilation

Tierney, J. E., Judd, E. J., Osman, M. B., King, J., Truax, O. J., et al. (2025). Advances in paleoclimate data assimilation. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-064209

Reconstructions of past climates in both time and space provide important insight into the range and rate of change within the climate system. However, producing a coherent global picture of past climates is difficult because indicators of ...

CGD Affiliations: OS

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Glacier preservation doubled by limiting warming to 1.5°C versus 2.7°C

Zekollari, H., Schuster, L., Maussion, F., Hock, R., Marzeion, B., et al. (2025). Glacier preservation doubled by limiting warming to 1.5°C versus 2.7°C. Science, doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu4675

Glaciers adapt slowly to changing climatic conditions, with long-term implications for sea-level rise and water supply. Using eight glacier models, we simulated global glacier evolution over multicentennial timescales, allowing glaciers to ...

CGD Affiliations: PPC, ESP

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Arctic atmospheric rivers in a changing climate and the impacts on sea ice

Thaker, R., Vavrus, S. J., Shields, C. A., DuVivier, A. K., Maclennan, M., et al. (2025). Arctic atmospheric rivers in a changing climate and the impacts on sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042521

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) transport heat and moisture from lower latitudes to the Arctic, contributing to sea ice loss. As climate warming and sea ice decline continue, understanding how Arctic ARs evolve is essential. While studies suggest ...

CGD Affiliations: ESP, PPC

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Disentangling regional drivers of top Antarctic snowfall days with a convolutional neural network

Baiman, R., Winters, A. C., Mayer, K., Reiher, C. A.. (2025). Disentangling regional drivers of top Antarctic snowfall days with a convolutional neural network. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115254

Snowfall is the primary contributor to Antarctic surface mass balance. Identifying regional‐scale mechanisms that drive heavy snowfall provides context for changes in Antarctic surface mass balance in a warmer climate. We compare drivers of...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

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U-Surf: a global 1 km spatially continuous urban surface property dataset for kilometer-scale urban-resolving Earth system modeling

Cheng, Y., Zhao, L., Chakraborty, T., Oleson, K. W., Demuzere, M., et al. (2025). U-Surf: a global 1 km spatially continuous urban surface property dataset for kilometer-scale urban-resolving Earth system modeling. Earth System Science Data, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2147-2025

High-resolution urban climate modeling has faced substantial challenges due to the absence of a globally consistent, spatially continuous, and accurate dataset to represent the spatial heterogeneity of urban surfaces and their biophysical p...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

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The evaluation of hydroclimatic variables over Nordic Fennoscandia using WRF‐CTSM

Mužić, I., Hodnebrog, Ø., Yilmaz, Y. A., Berntsen, T. K., Lawrence, D. M., et al. (2025). The evaluation of hydroclimatic variables over Nordic Fennoscandia using WRF‐CTSM. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043103

This study is the first to evaluate the state‐of‐the‐art coupled land‐atmosphere regional climate model WRF‐CTSM. It comprises the Weather Research and Forecasting model, WRF, and the Community Terrestrial Systems Model, CTSM (using a confi...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

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Coherence of the AMOC over the subpolar North Atlantic on interannual to multiannual time scales

Petit, T., Robson, J., Ferreira, D., Yeager, S., Evans, D.. (2025). Coherence of the AMOC over the subpolar North Atlantic on interannual to multiannual time scales. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115171

Direct measurements of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are necessary to understand its evolution in a context of climate change. International programs monitored its recent evolution at different latitudes. However, t...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

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Rising atmospheric moisture escalates the future impact of atmospheric rivers in the Antarctic climate system

Maclennan, M. L., Winters, A. C., Shields, C. A., Thaker, R., Barthelemy, L., et al. (2025). Rising atmospheric moisture escalates the future impact of atmospheric rivers in the Antarctic climate system. Communications Earth & Environment, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02333-x

Despite their relative rarity, atmospheric rivers are key contributors to the surface mass balance of Antarctica. However, the future role of atmospheric rivers in modulating Antarctic sea-level contributions is a major area of uncertainty....

CGD Affiliations: ESP

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The Tropical Basin Interaction Model Intercomparison Project (TBIMIP)

Richter, I., Chang, P., Chiu, P., Danabasoglu, G., Doi, T., et al. (2025). The Tropical Basin Interaction Model Intercomparison Project (TBIMIP). Geoscientific Model Development, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2587-2025

Large-scale interaction between the three tropical ocean basins is an area of intense research that is often conducted through experimentation with numerical models. A common problem is that modeling groups use different experimental setups...

CGD Affiliations: OS, ESP

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Lack of clear standards and usable comparisons of downscaled climate projections pose a roadblock for US climate discovery and adaptation

Hartke, S., Newman, A. J., Gutmann, E. D., McCrary, R., Lybarger, N., et al. (2025). Lack of clear standards and usable comparisons of downscaled climate projections pose a roadblock for US climate discovery and adaptation. Environmental Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adc74e

The release of global climate projections coupled with the demand for local-resolution climate-forced meteorology has prompted many research groups to downscale these projections using various statistical, dynamical, and current machine lea...

CGD Affiliations: CGDAO, TSS

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Distinctive pattern of global warming in ocean heat content

Trenberth, K. E., Cheng, L., Pan, Y., Fasullo, J. T., Mayer, M.. (2025). Distinctive pattern of global warming in ocean heat content. Journal of Climate, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0609.1

Huge heat anomalies in the atmosphere and ocean in recent years are not yet explained. Strong characteristic patterns in temperatures for upper layers of the ocean occurred from 2000 to 2023 in the presence of global warming from increasing...

CGD Affiliations: CGDAO, CAS

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Forestation in CMIP6: wide model spread in tree cover and land carbon uptake

Egerer, S., Lawrence, D. M., Lawrence, P. J., Argles, A., Arora, V., et al. (2025). Forestation in CMIP6: wide model spread in tree cover and land carbon uptake. Environmental Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adc93e

Forestation is expected to play an significant role as a terrestrial carbon dioxide removal technology in low-emission scenarios by storing carbon in the biosphere, thereby changing the physical properties of the land surface. To represent ...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

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Temporal and spatial equivalence in demographic responses of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) to environmental change

Şen, B., Che‐Castaldo, C., LaRue, M. A., Krumhardt, K., Landrum, L., et al. (2025). Temporal and spatial equivalence in demographic responses of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) to environmental change. Journal of Animal Ecology, doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70025

Population ecology and biogeography applications often necessitate the transfer of models across spatial and/or temporal dimensions to make predictions outside the bounds of the data used for model fitting. However, ecological data are ofte...

CGD Affiliations: OS, PPC

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Enhancing research-to-operations in hydrological forecasting: Innovations across scales and horizons

Pechlivanidis, I. G., Du, Y., Bennett, J., Boucher, M., Chang, A. Y., et al. (2025). Enhancing research-to-operations in hydrological forecasting: Innovations across scales and horizons. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0322.1

Over the past 20 years, the Hydrological Ensemble Prediction Experiment (HEPEX) international community of practice has advanced the science and practice of hydrological ensemble prediction and its application in impact- and risk-based deci...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

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Non-monotonic convective response to vertical wind shear: A closer look from cloud resolving model simulations

Tian, Y., Neale, R., Morrison, H.. (2025). Non-monotonic convective response to vertical wind shear: A closer look from cloud resolving model simulations. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004859

Using a three‐dimensional cloud‐resolving model, a systematic exploration is undertaken of the response of a radiative‐convective equilibrium state to imposed vertical wind shear of varying magnitude. Domain‐averaged surface precipitation ...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

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Multidecadal trends of the mixed layer depth and their relation to the wind in global ocean models forced by an atmospheric reanalysis

Treguier, A. M., Montégut, C. d. B., Yeager, S., Chassignet, E. P., Iovino, D., et al. (2025). Multidecadal trends of the mixed layer depth and their relation to the wind in global ocean models forced by an atmospheric reanalysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022271

The surface mixed layer of the ocean plays a key role in ocean‐atmosphere interactions. Despite the ocean surface warming in the past four decades, which increased the stratification, the mixed layer depth (MLD) has been found to increase, ...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

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Soil carbon saturation: What do we really know?

Georgiou, K., Angers, D., Champiny, R. E., Cotrufo, M. F., Craig, M. E., et al. (2025). Soil carbon saturation: What do we really know?. Global Change Biology, doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70197

Managing soils to increase organic carbon storage presents a potential opportunity to mitigate and adapt to global change challenges, while providing numerous co‐benefits and ecosystem services. However, soils differ widely in their potenti...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

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The stochastic GM + E closure: A framework for coupling stochastic backscatter with the Gent and McWilliams parameterization

Grooms, I., Agarwal, N., Marques, G. M., Pegion, P. J., Yassin, H.. (2025). The stochastic GM + E closure: A framework for coupling stochastic backscatter with the Gent and McWilliams parameterization. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004560

Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are often used at horizontal resolutions that preclude the appearance of mesoscale eddies. The ocean mesoscale constitutes a significant component of ocean variability, and OGCMs whose resolutions ar...

CGD Affiliations: OS

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Ocean Model Development, Data-driven Parameterizations, and Machine Learning in Ocean Models of the Earth System: A US CLIVAR Workshop Report

Marques, G. M., Adcroft, A., Danabasoglu, G., Lemarié, F., McClean, J., et al. (2025). Ocean Model Development, Data-driven Parameterizations, and Machine Learning in Ocean Models of the Earth System: A US CLIVAR Workshop Report. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/bxk3-gs26

This report summarizes the 2024 joint CLIVAR OMDP and COMMODORE Ocean Model Development Workshop in Boulder, Colorado. The workshop brought together international scientists and early-career researchers to address challenges in ocean modeli...

CGD Affiliations: OS

Publication Genre: Workshop Report

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Continental evaluation of GPM IMERG V07B precipitation on a sub-daily scale

Xiong, J., Tang, G., Yang, Y.. (2025). Continental evaluation of GPM IMERG V07B precipitation on a sub-daily scale. Remote Sensing of Environment, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114690

Satellite-based precipitation products have significantly advanced applications in hydrology, climate science, and related fields. Despite the significant role of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission in monitoring global preci...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

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Living with uncertainty: Using multi-model large ensembles to assess emperor penguin extinction risk for the IUCN Red List

Jenouvrier, S., Eparvier, A., Şen, B., Ventura, F., Che-Castaldo, C., et al. (2025). Living with uncertainty: Using multi-model large ensembles to assess emperor penguin extinction risk for the IUCN Red List. Biological Conservation, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111037

Improved methods for identifying species at risk are needed to strengthen climate change vulnerability assessments, as current estimates indicate that up to one million species face extinction due to environmental changes. Integrating multi...

CGD Affiliations: PPC, OS

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Stronger and prolonged El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the Early Eocene warmth

Abhik, S., Dommenget, D., McGregor, S., Hutchinson, D. K., Steinig, S., et al. (2025). Stronger and prolonged El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the Early Eocene warmth. Nature Communications, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59263-7

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO, 56–48 million years ago) is investigated using a multi-model ensemble of deep-time climate simulations. We reveal that ENSO sea surface temperature vari...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

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Mesoscale Convective Systems Tracking Method Intercomparison (MCSMIP): Application to DYAMOND global km‐scale simulations

Feng, Z., Prein, A., Kukulies, J., Fiolleau, T., Jones, W. K., et al. (2025). Mesoscale Convective Systems Tracking Method Intercomparison (MCSMIP): Application to DYAMOND global km‐scale simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042204

Global kilometer‐scale models represent the future of Earth system modeling, enabling explicit simulation of organized convective storms and their associated extreme weather. Here, we comprehensively evaluate tropical mesoscale convective s...

CGD Affiliations: ESP

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Unraveling arctic sea ice response to Atmospheric Rivers-insights from sea ice modeling

Zhang, P., Taylor, P. C., Webster, M., Bailey, D. A., Ding, Q., et al. (2025). Unraveling arctic sea ice response to Atmospheric Rivers-insights from sea ice modeling. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115152

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) in winter can induce significant melting of sea ice as they approach the ice cover. However, due to the complex physical properties of sea ice, the specific processes within the ice pack that are responsible for its...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

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Marine boundary layer cloud condensation Nuclei bias over the Southern Ocean: Comparisons between the community atmosphere model 6 and field observations

Niu, Q., McCluskey, C. S., McFarquhar, G.. (2025). Marine boundary layer cloud condensation Nuclei bias over the Southern Ocean: Comparisons between the community atmosphere model 6 and field observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042734

Marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds play a crucial role in regulating radiative balance in the atmosphere. Previous studies identified that MBL cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) is underestimated by a factor of 2 over the summertime So...

CGD Affiliations: CAS

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The seasonal temperature conundrum for the Holocene

Liu, Z., Cheng, J., Zheng, Y., Zhang, W., Liu, H., et al. (2025). The seasonal temperature conundrum for the Holocene. Science Advances, doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt8950

Temperature is the key variable in the study of climate changes in the past and future. Most previous studies on past temperature reconstructions, however, have focused on the mean annual temperature (MAT). Here, focusing on the seasonal te...

CGD Affiliations: PPC

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First simulations of feedback algorithm‐regulated marine cloud brightening

Lee, W., Chen, C., Richter, J. H., MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz, B.. (2025). First simulations of feedback algorithm‐regulated marine cloud brightening. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113728

Feedback control algorithms are important tools in climate intervention simulation design because they facilitate “top‐down” design, in which climate goals (often temperatures) are prescribed and a strategy chosen to meet the target. This a...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

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Modulations of atmospheric river climatology by the stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation

Huang, K., Shields, C. A., Hall, K. R., Richter, J. H., Li, Y., et al. (2025). Modulations of atmospheric river climatology by the stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042390

This study reveals the significant Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) influences on the seasonal atmospheric river (AR) climatology around the globe. The North Pacific (NP) AR climatology in the boreal winter to early fall seasons in a QBO ea...

CGD Affiliations: CCR, AMP

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Regional multiyear predictability of Antarctic sea ice in CESM2 and its implications for marine ecosystems

Holland, M. M., Krumhardt, K., DuVivier, A. K., Landrum, L.. (2025). Regional multiyear predictability of Antarctic sea ice in CESM2 and its implications for marine ecosystems. Journal of Climate, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0258.1

Antarctic sea ice exhibits considerable regional variability that is influenced by ocean and atmospheric conditions. Previous studies have suggested that this variability may be predictable on seasonal-to-interannual time scales. Here, we u...

CGD Affiliations: PPC, OS

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Pacific sub-decadal sea surface temperature variations contributed to recent Antarctic Sea ice decline trend

Wu, Q., Ma, Y., Hu, A., Rosenbloom, N., Zhang, L., et al. (2025). Pacific sub-decadal sea surface temperature variations contributed to recent Antarctic Sea ice decline trend. Nature Communications, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58788-1

Total sea ice extent (SIE) across the Southern Ocean increased from 1979-2014, but declined rapidly after 2016. Significant sea ice decline has emerged since the peak of SIE in 2014, coincident with Pacific sub-decadal sea surface temperatu...

CGD Affiliations: CCR

Publication Genre: Article

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Exploring precipitation triple oxygen isotope dynamics: Insights from GISS‐E2.1 simulations

Zhang, Y., LeGrande, A. N., Goodkin, N., Nusbaumer, J., He, S., et al. (2025). Exploring precipitation triple oxygen isotope dynamics: Insights from GISS‐E2.1 simulations. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004509

Precipitation isotopes are valuable tracers for understanding the hydrologic cycle and climate variations. Distinct from d‐excess, 17 O‐excess has recently emerged as a promising new tracer of precipitation processes because of its insensit...

CGD Affiliations: AMP

Publication Genre: Article

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Confronting Earth System Model Trends with Observations: A US CLIVAR Workshop Report

Johnson, A., Patterson, M., Shaw, T., Simpson, I. R., Ceppi, P., et al. (2025). Confronting Earth System Model Trends with Observations: A US CLIVAR Workshop Report. , doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/s2mj-0k65

The US CLIVAR workshop "Confronting Earth System Model Trends with Observations" (Boulder, CO, March 2024) brought together experts to assess the ability of Earth System Models (ESMs) to represent historical climate trends, crucial for futu...

CGD Affiliations: CAS, CGDVISITORS

Publication Genre: Workshop Report

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Integration and execution of Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) in a containerized environment

Yu, J., Sun, Y., Lindley, S., Jay, C., Topping, D., et al. (2025). Integration and execution of Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) in a containerized environment. Environmental Modelling & Software, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106391

The Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) is a process-based numerical urban climate model that simulates the interactions between the atmosphere and urban surfaces, serving as a powerful tool for the convergence of urban and climate science re...

CGD Affiliations: TSS

Publication Genre: Article

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Willingness of recreational anglers to modify hook and bait choices for sea turtle conservation in Mobile Bay, Alabama, Gulf of Mexico

Henry, H., Olivas, T., Gumbleton, S., Beckham, N., Steury, T. D., et al. (2025). Willingness of recreational anglers to modify hook and bait choices for sea turtle conservation in Mobile Bay, Alabama, Gulf of Mexico. Fisheries Management and Ecology, doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12766

Saltwater angling is a culturally significant and economically vital coastal recreational activity, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico that attracts enthusiasts worldwide and contributes significantly to the well‐being of Gulf Coast communi...

CGD Affiliations: CGDAO

Publication Genre: Article

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Quantifying the potential predictability of Arctic marine primary production

Payne, C., Lovenduski, N. S., Holland, M. M., Krumhardt, K., DuVivier, A. K.. (2025). Quantifying the potential predictability of Arctic marine primary production. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021668

Phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean and sub‐Arctic seas support a rich marine food web that sustains Indigenous communities as well as some of the world's largest fisheries. As sea ice retreat leads to further expansion of these fisheries, th...

CGD Affiliations: PPC, OS

Publication Genre: Article

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Higher precipitation in East Asia and western United States expected with future Southern Ocean warming

Kim, H., Kang, S. M., Pendergrass, A., Lehner, F., Shin, Y., et al. (2025). Higher precipitation in East Asia and western United States expected with future Southern Ocean warming. Nature Geoscience, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01669-5

Precipitation over East Asia and the western United States is projected to increase as a result of global warming, although substantial uncertainties persist regarding the magnitude. A key factor driving these uncertainties is the tropical ...

CGD Affiliations: CGDVISITORS, CGDAO

Publication Genre: Article

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